Legends about flowers
The Legend of Uzambara Violets
Hundreds of thousands of beautiful violets, fluttering their petals, rose into the sky, and four winds carried them to all parts of the world.
Flower signs
My favorites
ON A NOTE
The beauty of a composition of indoor plants depends primarily on their impeccable appearance. If the leaves wither or dry out from time to time, which is completely natural, you should intervene immediately and cut them off as close to the base as possible. If we are talking about complex sheets, then only the damaged part should be removed. At the same time, you should check whether there are pests on the back of the leaves, whether the soil in the pot has dried out, whether the bottom of the pot is always in water, and whether the plant itself is in a draft.
- In Ancient Egypt, after devastating wars or epidemics that killed large numbers of people, women were required to season food sage, drink brewed tea from it to quickly restore the population.
- Aloe vera helped humanity survive in difficult conditions and was used as one of the most effective medicinal plants. There are records that prove the use of this plant for medicinal purposes in ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians considered Aloe Vera to be the “plant of immortality” - the plant juice was used not only for medicinal purposes, but also for embalming. Indians of Central America and Mexico used the gel Aloe for burns and gastrointestinal diseases, to prevent the formation of scars from wounds and skin damage.
- In the cruel 18th century in France hyacinth used as a killer plant, or at least an accomplice to terrible crimes. The villains sprayed a basket full of hyacinths with volatile poison and sent it as a gift to a person they did not like. The heavy, thick aroma of hyacinths mixed with the deadly fumes and masked them. The victim, smelling the flowers, inhaled the poison and slowly faded away.
- Leaves turn yellow- with large-scale yellowing, the cause may be waterlogging of the soil, especially in winter at low temperatures. With a lack of nutrition, the leaf turns yellow gradually, from the tip.
- The leaves are turning yellow, dry brown spots appear- with insufficient watering.
- Leaves are pale transparent, then turn yellow - with excess sunlight.
- Bare lower part of the trunk or stem, small leaves, poorly cut, long internodes- lack of lighting.
- Dry, brown tips and edges of leaves- indoor air is too dry. If there is slight yellowing, then the cause may be a cramped pot or a lack of nutrition.
- The lower leaves dry out and fall off- Some loss of lower leaves is natural, but if the stem is too exposed, the temperature in the room may be too high. This happens especially often in winter in a room with a central heating system.
- Brown spots on the underside of the leaf caused by red spider mites.
- When the soil is too wet the leaves are "crying"(on them drops of moisture appear) - let the soil dry out and increase the intervals between watering. This can also happen before it rains.
- When keeping plants in a dark place and lacking nutrients emerging leaves have a single blade
- Old plants produce many aerial roots. They should not be removed; it is advisable to direct them into the substrate, into a pot or tub, as they contribute to better plant nutrition.
We are considered
Monstera(lat. Monstera) - large tropical plants, lianas; genus family Araceae.
Species of this genus are common in tropical rainforests of the equatorial belt of America. In the south, the range covers almost the entire territory of Brazil, and in the north it includes the Yucatan Peninsula and most of Mexico. In the 19th century, Monstera was brought to Southeast Asia and successfully introduced there.
Monsteras are perennial evergreen climbing vines with a long thickened stem and aerial adventitious roots. The size and shape of the leaf blades vary among species. The flowers are light, small, collected in a thick cylindrical spadix. I distinguish the following types: Monstera magnificent, Monstera Borgisiana, Monstera Variegata, Monstera perforated.
In 1492, Europeans discovered the continent, later called South America. For a long time, this mysterious land with impenetrable tropical forests was a source legends and stories. At the beginning of the 18th century in Europe there were legends about giant killer plants, which are found in the South American wilds. Travelers said that after the attack of these plants, only skeletons remained of people and animals, literally riddled with long shoots hanging from the trunk. There were reasons for such stories. Travelers mistook the monstera's aerial roots for insidious tentacles. Hanging down, the roots could grow through the skeleton of a person lost in the jungle. An obliging imagination painted a completely different picture of the murder of the unfortunate man. Thanks to such legends, the monstera received its name, in Latin monstrum - monster. It is even more likely that the word monstera goes back to the Latin monstrosus - amazing, bizarre.
In indoor conditions, monstera leaves are on average about 30 cm long, but can be much larger.
Since Monstera is a vine, room conditions it is given a vertical shape using various supports. This is done in order to reduce the area occupied by the plant indoors. In this case, it is desirable that the aerial roots reach the soil. Sometimes they are specially sent to the pot in which the monstera grows. In other cases, a separate bag of soil is made for each aerial root.
Monstera humidifies the air and enriches it with oxygen and ozone. Extinguishes chaos, harmonizes relationships.
Kinds:
Care behind the plant:
Possible difficulties:
Pests: aphids, spider mite, scale insect, mealybug.
First aid and control measures with pests - wipe the plant with a soapy sponge and wash under a warm shower. Spray regularly. In case of very severe damage, the monstera can be sprayed with a 0.15% Actellik solution (1-2 ml per liter of water).
Monstera care
How to properly care for monstera?
Monstera: growing and care at home. If you care for the plant correctly, then problems usually do not arise. This magnificent evergreen plant has taken root well in our homes and offices.
Lighting, temperature and watering.
Since it comes from tropical forests, the conditions for its maintenance are determined by significant humidity and high air temperatures.
Temporarily, Monstera can safely tolerate changes and drops in temperature. But the optimal temperature for the winter period is 16-18°C. The higher the air temperature throughout the year, the faster the vine will grow, the leaves will become larger and more patterned.
Monstera is a shade-tolerant plant, so it can be placed in a light, semi-dark place, or even in the shade. True, in this case, the indoor monstera stops growing, as if freezing, but does not die. A powerful and beautiful specimen can only be grown in good light conditions. In insufficient lighting, the monstera leaves are not so delicate, the holes on them are small, and the leaves themselves grow small, so the best option is to place the monstera in a bright place without direct sunlight.
It is very important to maintain high air humidity, and you will have to deal with dust settling on large green leaves. While the plant is small, you should wash it in the shower weekly. The leaves of an adult plant must be periodically wiped with a damp cloth and polished.
In summer, water the monstera regularly and abundantly, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Excess moisture in the soil is undesirable; this often leads to fungal spots on the leaves. In winter, humidification is reduced, especially when there is a lack of heat. For watering and spraying, use warm, settled, lime-free water.
In spring and summer, it is necessary to feed the plant regularly (every two weeks). If the monstera continues to grow in winter, then it needs to be fertilized in winter, once a month. If the air temperature drops, feeding is stopped.
Planting/transplanting monstera
Young monstera indoor plants are carefully replanted annually in the spring, while gradually increasing the height of the support stick to which the vine is attached. If the plant is three years old, it is enough to replant it once every 2 years; when it reaches the five-year mark, you can replant the plant even less often - once every 3-4 years. It is difficult to replant adult, large specimens, but in the meantime, the top layer of soil should definitely be changed every year.
Monstera needs a very large pot. Young plants can feel great in a bucket, but as the bush grows larger, larger pots should be used. These can be special large-diameter flower pots, or spacious wooden tubs. It should be noted that insufficient capacity is a common cause of problems with the health, appearance and beauty of Monstera.
To transplant an adult Monstera, you should prepare the following soil composition (pH 6.5-7.0): sand - 1 part, deciduous soil - 1 part, turf soil - 3 parts, peat - 1 part, humus soil - 1 part. At the time of transplanting the plant, there must be high-quality drainage at the bottom of the pot.
Monstera propagation and care at home
Monstera, like all aroids, is best propagated by apical cuttings, as well as pieces of stems with an eye or sections of leaf tips. When cutting them, you should make sure that each has at least one internode or aerial root. Cuttings root easily in water, sand or sphagnum moss.
In order for the cutting to take root better and begin to grow faster, it is covered with a glass jar or plastic film, while maintaining the air temperature from 24 to 30 ° C. Young monstera plants first produce whole, juvenile leaves, and only on the fifth or sixth leaf can you see the long-awaited slits.
Additional support has a positive effect on the development of the bush, therefore, when growing a vine from a cutting, you need to immediately fix the plant. Over time, the stem becomes woody, and it will no longer be possible to give the plant a compact shape. Tubes wrapped in dry palm fiber are available for sale as a support for monstera. They can be selected in proportion to the size of the plant.
The monstera is placed in the center, and an artificial trunk (height 70-100 cm) is placed next to the stem, which serves as an excellent support. The trunk should be wrapped in sphagnum moss and the moss secured with wire or twine. Moss must always be moistened in order to provide nutrition and moisture to the aerial roots with which the plant abounds.
For more information about reproduction (process and methods), see a separate page:
“How to propagate a monstera plant?”
Difficulties encountered when growing monstera
The domestic monstera can be affected by spider mites and scale insects. But most often after purchasing a plant, already after two to three weeks on the leaves, especially the lower ones, you can find spreading, first yellow and then brown spots. Gradually they fill the entire leaf, and it dies. This is a spot of fungal origin that can destroy the entire plant. It is difficult to get rid of, so preventive treatment should be carried out immediately after purchasing the plant.
It is necessary to transfer the plant into a slightly larger container, replacing part of the earthen substrate, not forgetting about drainage. Then water the plant and stick two or three cloves of garlic into the ground. In the future, between waterings, allow the soil to dry to a depth of 2 cm. Do not water with cold water or place the flower in a draft. The above-ground green part of growing garlic should be removed and the cloves replaced after a month. Two to three months of such prevention will help the monstera not to get sick (see leaves turning yellow and drying, diseases and pests.)
Homeland of house plants
When studying the features and rules of caring for a new flower, many housewives often don’t even think about how much the place of original origin can say about it. Meanwhile, exactly home of indoor plants has the greatest influence on the choice of optimal soil composition and the need for fertilizing during the season or off-season. And also on the lighting regime and many other factors important for their normal growth, development and flowering.
The influence of the homeland of indoor plants on their development
Even the most modest and unpretentious home flower garden today can include plants that were once brought from exotic countries and adapted for growing indoors. And the homeland of indoor plants can be South America and Mexico, Zealand, Australia and other countries with different climates.
Most often in floriculture, plants of a tropical climate are distinguished, loving the sun and high humidity, requiring nutritious loose soil and regular fertilizing. These include both large decorative deciduous plants - decorative cyperus, perennial monstera, climbing philodendron, and climbing vines: ivies with different leaf shapes, golden scindapsus and even the unpretentious chlorophytum crested, which combines the properties of a “tabletop” plant and a hanging one.
Green pets from areas with arid climates and dry, infertile soils have other care requirements. Thus, the homeland of popular cacti is the Mexican prairie, which largely explains their love for neutral rocky soils, unpretentiousness in terms of watering, air humidification and fertilizing. Moreover, too nutritious soil and fertilizers can make the cactus loose, “overfed” and weakened.
www.homecveti.ru
Monstera growing and care at home, photo
Monstera (lat. monstera)
Monstera description
This tropical plant belongs to the araceae family. Monstera is native to Central America. Monstera is an evergreen plant with large carved leaves. People also call it a crybaby; before rain, droplets of water appear on its leaves - the plant is a kind of barometer.
Monstera leaves reach a length of up to 1 meter, rounded with large slits; in its homeland the plant blooms and bears fruit. Most often, the lovely or delicious monstera (Monstera deliciosa) is grown indoors; in nature, its fruits smell like pineapples; at home, the monstera does not bloom unless tropical conditions are created for it. In its homeland, Monstera is a large vine entwining trees.
Growing and caring for monstera at home
When you decide to plant a monstera in a room, remember that it will require a lot of space.
The plant is heat-loving and light-loving, but the leaves do not tolerate direct sunlight and are covered with unattractive yellow spots, so in the room it should not be placed on the sunny side or protected from sunlight.
In the summer heat, monstera requires abundant watering; the soil should dry out between waterings. Also, once a week, the leaves of the plant should be sprayed with warm water. In winter, the plant is watered much less often; the soil should not be constantly wet so that the roots do not rot.
The specificity of growing the plant is that aerial roots grow from the underside of the stem against each leaf. Under no circumstances should they be cut off; on the contrary, they should be lowered into the soil of the pot, if there is room there, or a box with nutritious soil for the roots should be placed nearby. Monstera grows quite quickly and produces many leaves.
Large plants usually lose their lower leaves and the plant becomes not very beautiful; to prevent this from happening, we wrap several of the upper roots tightly in moss and attach them to the trunk, tying them with a washcloth or twine. In damp moss, aerial roots will produce many shoots. When the leaves appear, the top is cut off and planted in the ground.
This produces large, beautiful trees with huge leaves and the plant becomes renewed and rejuvenated.
A plant is replanted depending on its growth vigor; if it grows quickly and forms many roots, then it must be replanted into a larger container.
Usually, a young monstera is transplanted after a year or two and always into a nutrient mixture. You can prepare a mixture from clay-turf soil, peat and sand.
Monstera reproduction
The plant reproduces by lateral shoots, which appear in large numbers at the bottom of the stems in the spring, in March - April. Planted in bowls, covered with plastic or glass jars on top to maintain high humidity conditions under cover.
It is necessary to make drainage at the bottom, sprinkle a 2 cm layer of peat on top of the drainage, and sprinkle coarse sand on top of the peat. The temperature in the room should not be cold and drop below 20 degrees. The plant must be watered frequently, morning and evening. When the plant takes root, it must be transplanted into a larger container.
Video about caring for monstera at home and what to do with its aerial roots:
Monstera photo
horosho-zhivem.ru
Geography of my indoor plants.
Work about indoor plants and their historical homeland.
Preview:
Municipal budgetary educational institution secondary school No. 1
GEOGRAPHY OF MY HOUSEPLANTS.
Work performed by: Svetlana Smalchenko
Head: geography teacher
Lobachevskaya Svetlana Borisovna.
Topic: Geography of my indoor plants.
Purpose: to determine the geographical location of indoor plants; what medicinal properties do they have?
1) study the literature about indoor plants, their diversity and medicinal properties, their origin;
2) obtain interesting facts about indoor plants, comprehend them, and draw conclusions;
3) establish the relationship between environmental values, human relationships with the environment;
Problem: Establish the geographical origin of indoor plants.
Hypothesis: Perhaps the bulk of plants used in indoor gardening come from the tropics and subtropics.
1.1. Our indoor plants.
2.1. Origin of indoor plants.
2.2. Plants of South and Central America.
2.3.Diversity of plants in Asia.
2.4. Africa is the birthplace of indoor plants.
3.1. Home green pharmacy.
4.1. The role of indoor plants in our life.
5.1. Practical part.
Our indoor plants.
Plants are generously scattered on the ground,
Like the stars in the sky
But the stars are far away
And the plants are at my feet.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau expressed his love for indoor plants.
Having settled in our house, “green tenants” promote sound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and cleanse it of harmful impurities. They also play an important sanitary and hygienic role: plants purify the air from carbon dioxide, dust and other harmful substances. According to the US Space Research Center (80s) and the University of Cologne (1995), the air in city homes and offices contains more than two hundred different toxic substances. The presence of vapors of formaldehyde, acetone, methanol, benzene, trichlorethylene - all this is the result of civilization. Therefore, people who spend a long time indoors are increasingly experiencing a feeling of nausea, allergies, and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract. Doctors called these symptoms Building syndrome, or closed room syndrome. Scientists suggest fighting this disease with the help of indoor plants, since many of them adsorb harmful gases. For example, the indoor plant spathiphyllum is capable of absorbing acetone up to 19 mg per hour, nephrolepis and ficus absorb formaldehyde, 20 and 10 mg per hour, respectively. Research is currently underway to select types of indoor plants that have bactericidal and protistocidal properties that can cause the death of bacteria and single-celled organisms. Phytoncidal properties have been identified in more than 40 species of greenhouse plants. Special nutrients released by plants increase performance, normalize sleep, and increase a person’s adaptive abilities. But most importantly, with their beauty and perfection of their forms, their magical aroma and richness of colors, plants give us incomparable joy. “Green friends” bring harmony and tranquility into our lives; next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time relax.
2.1.Origin of indoor plants.
The world of indoor plants is fascinating and surprising. Thousands of indoor plants grow in our homes. And where can we meet them in the wild on our planet?
Having studied the literature, we can conclude from the total number:
- 600 species (19%) - tropics of South America (begonia, monstera, cyclamen).
- 590 species (19%) are from South Africa (aloe, calla, chlorophytum).
- 430 species (13%) - from Central America, Mexico, West India (Echeveria).
- 425 species (13%) - from Tropical Asia, India, Indochina (begania, coleus, orycus, caugonovay).
- 310 species (10%) - Mediterranean (pomegranate, palm, oleander).
- 182 species (6%) - Subtropics of South America (fuchsia, korean tree, drolcenae).
- 400 species (3%) - East Asian countries (azalea, camellia).
- 99 species (3%) - Australia and New Zealand (cordilina, hoya).
- 72 species (2%) - Central Asia (figs).
- 41 species (1%) - Canary Islands (Canary hazel).
- Do you have indoor plants in your home?
- Why do you grow indoor plants in your home?
- Who takes care of indoor plants at home?
- Do you know where their homeland is?
- Would you like to attend a houseplant study group at school?
Monstera: homeland - tropical forests of South and Central America. Monstera is one of the magnificent vines that grow indoors. This magnificent evergreen plant has taken root well in our homes and offices. You can place the monstera in a light or semi-dark place and even in the shade. It is very important to maintain high air humidity: for this, the plant needs to be sprayed with water more often. In summer, water abundantly; in winter, reduce moisture. For irrigation, use warm, settled, lime-free water.
The next indoor plant is Saintpaulia or Uzumbara violet. Homeland: Africa. An extremely popular houseplant. This miniature, delicate creation of nature captivates with its abundant, long-lasting flowering. Color range: from snow-white, all shades of pink to dark crimson, from blue to dark blue and purple. The leaves also have different shapes and colors (from light to dark green). More than 100 years ago, this plant was discovered by the botanist Saint-Paul-Hillers in the Uzumbara Mountains of Africa. It is a fairly unpretentious plant to care for. Water very sparingly. Do not allow water to get into the middle of the rosette, leaves or flowers. Water for irrigation must be at room temperature and settled. Easily propagated by leaf cuttings, preferably in spring or summer.
Gloxinia. Homeland - Brazil. In the first half of the 19th century, a very beautiful herbaceous plant with original bell-shaped flowers, Sinningia, came to Europe from Brazil. Gloxinia is one of the most spectacular flowering indoor crops. The botanical name of the genus Gloxinia was given due to the shape of the flower. Large luxurious flowers (gramophone) captivate with their wide range of colors: pink, red, purple. The leaves are green, large, velvety, oval. Gloxinia is a tuberous plant. In autumn, all the leaves gradually dry out and fall off, and the roots die. A period of rest begins. In winter, the tubers are sprinkled with dry sand, not watered and kept in a cool, dark room. Gloxinia lives more than 10 years. The larger the tuber, the more abundant the subsequent flowering.
Coalition. Homeland: Mexico. Flowering depending on the species. The coalition is elegant. Its leaves are velvety to the touch due to their short pubescence. The leaf blade has regular alternating light and dark green stripes. Leaves 3-6 cm long are located on the shoot in two rows. Care requirements - direct sunlight, bright diffused light, regular watering, spraying, fertilizing, rejuvenation.
Chinese hibiscus (Chinese rose). Homeland: Southeast Asia. In the Hawaiian Islands, hibiscus is called “the flower of beautiful women.” Local girls very often decorate themselves with bright Chinese rose flowers. The Chinese rose is one of the most beloved and widespread indoor plants. It is a shrub or tree 2-3 m high. The leaves are dark green and shiny. The flowers are large, five-petaled. The color spectrum is extensive: from white and yellow, deep pink to dark red. The flower stays on the stem for only one day, but new buds open to replace it. The Chinese rose is very unpretentious to living conditions. In spring and summer, abundant watering is required. In winter, watering is reduced.
Cyperus. Homeland: tropics and subtropics. Cyperus is a perennial marsh plant with long thin triangular stems, on top of which sit graceful long herbaceous leaves of light green color, reminiscent of a fountain. It first came to Europe in the 19th century. Thanks to this look, it quickly gained popularity. In ancient times, the plant played a huge role. Boats were built from the stems of Cyperus, baskets were woven, sandals were made from the bark, and the rhizomes were eaten both raw and fried: they are nutritious and aromatic, and taste like almonds. This is an unpretentious plant, but requires constant soil moisture.
Having studied the geography of the origin of indoor plants, we came to a conclusion. That the geography of their distribution is very diverse. For indoor plants to grow in homes, it is necessary to create the conditions that exist in their homeland. For example, if the plant is from Africa, then most of them should be placed on windows facing south, southwest, as they love direct sunlight. And they only need to be watered once a week. And plants of equatorial latitudes are moisture-loving and shade-tolerant, so they need to be placed on windows on the northern and eastern sides.
Home green pharmacy.
Many plants are considered mascots against various diseases and can really affect our well-being and mood while in the room. But the main factor in the influence of the plant world on humans, as has now been established, is electromagnetic radiation. Every cell of living matter is a source of electromagnetic radiation. The human body is genetically programmed to constantly receive frequency “messages” from various plants. And since residents of many large cities, alas, do not breathe ozone, it begins to rebel. And this is expressed by the production of hormones, the increased concentration of which leads to a bad mood. It turns out that the more time we spend within four walls, the more often we are overcome by the blues. It is clear that neither a book nor a TV is capable of sending those same electromagnetic signals. Only the plants themselves can do this. It’s not without reason that doctors recommend that we spend more time outside the city and walk in the forest. But the rhythm of modern life is so intense that there is not enough time to implement their advice. It turns out that the situation is hopeless? Not at all. Previously, people knew nothing about biofields or hormones. But there were flowers in every city house.
Our ancestors intuitively felt that indoor flowers and plants are necessary for a person to maintain his health. Geranium is one of the most common indoor plants. Its bright red flowers literally radiate vital energy and strength, which will help you in case of poor health. Therefore, during illness, keep geranium in your room.
Blooming cyclamen will help you get rid of nightmares and insomnia.
Houseplants are not only excellent psychotherapists, but also ecologists, creating a favorable microclimate in our apartments. It is no secret that air humidity in rooms with central heating is much lower than normal. It is only 20-30% - like in a desert or semi-desert. And here a unique plant can come to the rescue, capable of turning the desert into an oasis. This is Cyperus. It evaporates used moisture up to 80%. And Cyperus's brothers - Dieffenbachia, anthuriums, philodendrons, monsteras - are simply a godsend for our apartments! They improve water-gas exchange in the room. Monsters are also famous for their ability to cry. Before a rain, in a room with dry air, a heavily watered plant begins to secrete droplets of water at the tips of its leaves. Finally, many indoor plants also have phytoncidal, that is, bactericidal properties. The “enemies” of bacteria include chlorophytum, myrtle, rosemary, citrus fruits, and modest aglonema. In the room where they grow, the number of microbes in the air is reduced several times! Moreover, aglonema even kills streptococcal infections. Asparagus absorbs heavy metal particles. There is no need to tell how bad a person feels in a stuffy room. Moreover, the point here is not a lack of oxygen as such, but a very small amount of negative ions included in its composition. They quickly “evaporate” while working in the TV or computer room. Improve the ionic composition of the air with the help of environmental plants - for example, cereus or codiaum.
People strive to have plants in their homes, not only for the beauty and comfort of the room, but also for medicinal properties.
Indoor plants can be divided into groups:
1) Indoor plants that stimulate the immune system:
But from this group I will introduce you to a houseplant - “Aloe”. Homeland of the plant: South Africa, Madagascar. Aloe juice has a disinfecting effect. If you apply a cut leaf of a plant to the wounded surface, it will help heal the wound faster. Properties of aloe – cleansing, homeopathic, nourishing, immune-modulating. Aloe is popular among amateur gardeners not so much because of its decorative qualities, but because of the well-known medicinal properties of the juice. This plant is also called agave due to the fact that it grows very slowly and rarely blooms in indoor conditions.
2) Indoor plants that calm the nervous system:
I'll stick with geranium. More than 300 species of geranium are known, distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and in mountainous areas of tropical regions. This plant pleases not only people with its beautiful inflorescences, but also with medicinal properties. Usually an infusion is made from the leaves and flowers of geranium. To do this, take 2 teaspoons of plant material and pour 2 cups of boiling water. Then close tightly, wrap and leave for 9 - 10 hours. Then filter and drink 2 tablespoons every 3 hours. This decoction also removes toxins from the body and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Geranium leaves and flowers are also used for arthritis, rheumatism, and bone fractures.
3) Indoor plants that normalize the respiratory system:
4) Indoor plants that strengthen the musculoskeletal system:
Homeland of ficus: Asia, West Africa. Ficus - home pharmacy. In case of joint disease, you need to take 1 ficus leaf, chop it and pour 100 mm of vodka, leave for 2 weeks. In the evening, rub your joints and wrap them in a warm scarf.
5) Indoor plants that prevent diseases of the ear, nose and throat.
A pharmacy on your window is always relevant. For various diseases, you can use your indoor plants. They will help you like an ambulance: relieve pain, cure diseases, or you can carry out prevention.
We conducted a survey with students at our school. 123 people, aged 9-11 years, took part in it. The following questions were proposed:
As a result of the survey, it was revealed that 100% of students have indoor plants in their homes. To the question “Why do you grow indoor plants in the house?” - 93% of the guys believe that they are necessary to equip the room with oxygen, 5% - to create a cozy environment, 2% - create a collection of indoor plants. 92% of houseplants are taken care of by parents in the family, 8% of children together with their parents. To the question “Do you know where their homeland is?” — 10% of the guys know the homeland of only some plants, 90% are completely insignificant. 83% of students are very willing to attend a class on studying and caring for indoor plants at school, while 17% of students are not interested in indoor plants.
These plants are our friends!
It’s simply impossible to live in a room without them,
With them we can breathe better and easier,
Life is even more interesting for us with them!
1) Grunwald V. “Popular indoor plants” - Moscow publishing house “Onyx” 2006.
2) Gubanov I.A., Tikhonova V.L. “Ornamental growing useful plants” - (documentary film).
3) Semyonova A. “Indoor plants: friends and enemies” - Nevsky Prospekt publishing house, 1999.
4) Encyclopedia “All indoor plants of the world” - St. Petersburg publishing house, 2007.
5) Miller M. “The best indoor plants” - Credo Publishing House, Moscow 2008.
6) Babin B.N. “Indoor Plants” - Mirinda Publishing House, 2000.
Community of little green men
Homeland of indoor plants
Applied biogeography
Photographer Tatyana Rykhlova, South America
Most of our indoor plants come from tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, Africa, Europe, America and Australia, and to imagine the conditions of their natural habitat, you need to at least mentally go there.
Plants of the tropics
Tropical forests, which we often refer to as “jungles,” are filled with life from the canopy of the tallest trees to the depths underground. Under trees with tall trunks, despite the fact that their crowns let in little light, a dense undergrowth grows. It is here that you can find over 4/5 of all plant species existing on Earth! Such diversity is generated by ideal living conditions: in the “jungle” it is always warm and humid. Tropical rainforests are characterized by high average temperatures that do not fall below 180C. Of great importance for plant life is the fact that throughout the year the air temperature remains virtually unchanged.
Most herbaceous plants in this climate zone have very large, delicate leaves that can absorb moisture over the entire surface of the leaf blade. Such structural features are predominantly preserved in indoor plants originating from the tropics.
Alocasia, dracaena, cyperus, calathea, impatiens, gloxinia, begonia, cordyline, zygocactus, coleus, monstera, many types of palms, epiphyllum, nightshade, tradescantia, hoya, eucharis - all these are plants of the humid tropics.
Photographer Natalia Vorobyova, Philippines
Orchids are probably considered the most popular epiphytes among lovers of indoor floriculture. These amazing plants capture the hearts of many people so much that they make them keen collectors. If I were asked to choose one single indoor plant to decorate my home, I would not hesitate for a second to name the orchid.
The ties connecting the orchid with the world are much subtler than those of other representatives of the plant kingdom, because orchids are the “youngest” plants, appearing on our planet “only” about 25 million years ago. It’s as if the Creator hesitated, “inventing” them longer than other flowers. Perhaps this is what explains the refined, unusual shape of orchids and the amazing variety of their aromas?
Among the epiphytes of tropical forests there are many representatives of the bromeliad family. They have brightly colored, very attractive flowers. The roots of these plants, as a rule, are either absent altogether or serve solely for attachment to any surface. Organic residues accumulate in funnel-shaped rosettes of leaves and rainwater stagnates. Thus, the bases of the leaves absorb food.
Bromeliads include, in particular, Vriesea, Guzmania, Cryptanthus, Neoregelia, blue tillandsia, and Aechmea. All these plants have an original, unforgettable appearance, enchanting us with their wonder.
Lianas are another characteristic inhabitants of the rainforest. They grow extremely quickly and easily climb to the tops of the tallest trees. Monstera, a tropical liana from the aroid family, is well known to many lovers of indoor floriculture. Another of the vines cultivated in indoor floriculture is passionflower.
Plants of the subtropics
Having become acquainted with the plants of the tropical forest, we will go to the subtropics, where many of the ancestors of our indoor plants also live. The subtropics are much warmer than the temperate zone; the average annual temperature here is about 150C. Long and rather hot summers are combined here with short and cold winters. The temperature is uniform throughout the year, with minor fluctuations. Based on the amount of precipitation, wet and dry subtropics are distinguished.
There are a lot of forests in the humid subtropics, and most terrestrial plants are shade-tolerant. In the dry subtropics, precipitation is uneven and usually occurs during the cold season, which makes it difficult for plants to grow.
Plants develop in winter and mainly in spring, while in summer they are dormant. Some plants even bloom in winter (for example, galanthus, cyclamen). There are many types of indoor plants native to the subtropics, among them many beautifully flowering ones with decorative leaves that do not fall off in winter.
Desert Plants
In indoor culture we encounter many plants originating from the hot and arid regions of Africa, Asia, America and Australia, so we will have to become more familiar with the desert climate. The very word “desert” suggests that the climate here is harsh, and the vegetation here is sparse and monotonous. Plants from different families acquired a similar appearance under difficult living conditions.
The desert climate is characterized by long, hot and dry summers with very high average temperatures and low humidity. Sandy or rocky desert soil evaporates several times more moisture than it receives. Rains are rare in deserts, but as soon as moisture spills on the heat-cracked soil, it is immediately covered with a carpet of grasses and flowering plants. In indoor culture we encounter typical desert inhabitants - succulents. Moreover, this happens much more often than one might expect: according to statistics, this particular group of plants is the most popular in our country among indoor gardeners.
Perhaps this fact is due to the fact that most succulents are unpretentious and adapt to the most extreme growing conditions, and this often determines the choice of a houseplant. Now that we have become familiar with the main natural habitats of houseplants, reading the phrase “native to the subtropical rainforests of South Africa” in the reference book will give you an idea of what conditions are suitable for growing this plant.
Of course, it would hardly occur to you to reproduce a desert or tropical jungle in your home, but fortunately, the adaptability of plants saves us from such excesses. There are key factors that tune the plant’s body to the correct natural biorhythms, and it is these that you must reproduce in indoor conditions.
More about the homeland of indoor plants
Caring for plants native to dry areas
Some types of high-mountain tropical plants adapt well to the Central European climate.
Caring for plants coming from rainforests
Having lived among people for centuries, indoor plants still need the same conditions in which they grew in nature. Our task is to help them with this.
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Monstera's homeland and its cultivation at home
If you are interested in the homeland of monstera, then the plant grows in the tropical forests of South and Central America.
In addition, they began to grow it in greenhouses, apartments and office spaces. Among the varieties of monstera, one can distinguish attractive, oblique and pierced. In addition, Monstera Borziga is popular.
Monstera and care for it
Caring for a monstera is not difficult, but it requires the correct consistent actions from you. Monstera, which is propagated by stem and apical cuttings, requires a special substrate for rooting. Coarse-grained washed river sand or a mixture of peat and sand are suitable for these purposes.
Monstera care rules:
A monstera plant whose diseases begin due to improper care can be damaged by scale insects, spider mites or aphids.
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I wonder where the birthplace of the orchid plant, which has extraordinary beauty, grace, and uniqueness, is located. Which country will have the honor of being the birthplace of the orchid plant? Did you know that orchids are considered one of the oldest plants in the world? Their appearance on earth can be traced back to 65 million years ago.
The oldest remains of orchids were found at Monte Bolca in Verona. Theophrastus, a Greek philosopher who lived between the sixth and fifth centuries BC, first named the orchid plant. Therefore, we can assume that the birthplace of the orchid flower is Italy.
The orchid plant was described in the first systematic treatise on pharmaceutical botany, De Historia Plantarum, where the philosopher writes about a certain plant that had two tubercles rounded at the base of the roots. Because of its resemblance to human testicles, Theophrastus called the plant “Orchis”, which means “testicles” in Greek. This is how the plant got its name.
The Aztecs who lived in Mexico knew several types of orchids, in particular, “Vanilla”. The flower was used to create aromatic drinks based on coffee, cocoa and vanilla using the pods. Dioscorides in the first century AD mentions orchids in his books on herbal medicine and botany.
However, one has to go back to the eleventh century to find the first real treatise on orchid cultivation published in China. The Chinese love and loved this flower very much, and orchids have always been associated with their spring holidays and were used as a means of expelling evil spirits. Let's assume that the birthplace of the orchid houseplant is China.
Attention! In the sixteenth century, the German botanist L. Fuchs described the orchid in his treatise “Historia stirpium” (History of the Race).
It was then that the first tropical orchids arrived in Europe from the West Indies, thanks to the Jesuit priest Francisco Hernandez. Until the eighteenth century, botanical classifications of orchids were used thanks to Carl Linnaeus, the great Swedish botanist and father of botanical classification of plants in his work "Species Plantarum."
A century later, a true passion for orchids emerged thanks to S. Darwin, who studied species and selection methods. Since then, a hunt has been opened in the homeland of orchids for new plant species.
Know! Well-known and popular lectures on the homeland of the orchid houseplant were given at the English Royal Horticultural Society, which today is the main institute engaged in the study of new plant species.
The first types of orchids introduced in greenhouses were: European Cymbidium, Epidendrum him, Phaius, vanilla. Plants were grown in England, and then in the Netherlands. This has helped orchids from the wild spread widely throughout the world, except in Antarctica and the desert.
Know! Many of the famous orchid species to this day bear the names of researchers and enthusiasts such as James Veitch, hence the name "Epiphronitis Veitchii" or William Cattleya, hence the name "Cattleya."
How orchids grow in their homeland
Orchids are a large family of monocots that consist of perennial herbs that have a variety of flowers. Among orchids there are giants, such as vanilla, whose stem curls and can reach several meters in length.
Grammatophyllum is so heavy that trunks and branches of large trees break off under its weight. There are also dwarf orchids, individual representatives of dendrobiums and sophronitis, which can easily fit in a matchbox.
Depending on where the orchid grows, flowers are divided into three groups:
- epiphytic (live on trees);
- saprophytic (underground);
- ground.
Epiphytic orchids
First group: orchid flowers - epiphytes live on trees, attaching to them with the help of their aerial roots. Food, such flowers, are obtained from the surrounding atmosphere.
Most orchids living on trees in their native lands have thickenings on the trunk that resemble tubers in appearance.
It is in these kind of storage facilities that they store moisture and nutrients. These aerial tubers are called false bulbs (pseudobulbs).
Saprophytic orchids
The second group - saprophytic orchids, are a simple shoot that does not have leaves, but is covered with scales. The shoot of the plant ends in a cluster of flowers (most often only one flower develops in indoor conditions).
A saprophytic plant that does not contain chlorophyll, the orchid feeds on organic substances contained in the humus substrate.
The underground rhizome, which resembles coral in appearance, does not produce new roots, but at the same time absorbs water with nutrients dissolved in it.
Terrestrial orchids
The third group consists of terrestrial orchids, which have ordinary green leaves (for example, orchids). There are not so many leaves of a plant, one or several. All orchids and species close to them are low grasses up to fifty centimeters in height.
Many of the terrestrial beauties have underground roots, from which rhizomes emerge - root cones. A young root cone easily tolerates winter conditions, and in the spring a young shoot with new flowers grows from it.
Know! In their homeland, orchid plants grow in tropical conditions in the form of bushes and reach several meters.
Orchids in nature photo
orchid homeland of the plant
What types of orchids are there?
Currently, it is difficult to say how many varieties of orchids and their hybrids exist.
Attention! There were two hundred and fifty thousand orchid hybrids bred artificially in 2000.
How often do orchid flowers amaze us with their shape, reminiscent of animals, such as spiders or insects. Thanks to this similarity, orchid flowers got their names. The colors and shapes of orchid flowers are infinitely varied.
The fruits of the flowers are dry capsules. The seeds contained in them are oblong or round in shape, but extremely small and numerous. For example, in the box of the Stanhopea orchid there are millions of seeds and, due to their lightness, they are easily dispersed.
There are a number of orchids that have unusual leaf colors - variegated.
Certain varieties of orchids, which have completely inconspicuous flowers, were cultivated precisely because of the extraordinary beauty of their leaves. Representatives of genera such as makodes and gemaria are called “precious orchids”!
Attention! Not all orchids with variegated leaves have plain flowers.
For example, Paphiopedilum and Phalaenopsis have species that, for the beauty of their flowers, can deservedly be considered the most decorative orchids.
The smell of flowers is often quite pleasant, and sometimes unusually strong and intoxicating; the bright color attracts insects.
For example, the Bolbophyllum Beccari Rchb orchid emits a very disgusting, corpse-like odor that attracts carrion flies. Immediately after pollination, the flowers wither completely, losing all their decorative effect.
I would like to note that before pollination, magnificent orchid flowers retain their beauty for a long time, which significantly increases their value as a cut crop. Orchids are pollinated by insects; self-pollination of plants is quite rare.
Video - rare orchids
Regardless of their homeland, orchids are plants that amaze, surprise and delight people for many centuries. It is definitely not possible to give preference and call one country the birthplace of the indoor orchid.
Attention! Scientists agree that the homeland of the orchid plant is still tropical forests.
Orchid homeland of the plant required soil composition
Due to the fact that orchid plants have different types of growth in their homeland, the composition of the soil for orchids needs to be different. Orchids can be divided into 2 groups:
- Ground.
- Epiphytic.
Under natural conditions, representatives of the first group grow in fertile, loose soils, while epiphytes grow on rocks and trees and do not require nutritious soil. Many lovers and admirers of orchids are completely unaware of what soil composition orchids need.
When cultivating orchids at home, two types of soil are usually used, consisting of natural and artificial components.
Soil for orchids composition
The artificial substrate is prepared from mineral and synthetic fibers. This soil composition is used extremely rarely in amateur practice.
The natural substrate, usually consisting of plant materials, tends to decompose over a fairly long period of time.
soil for orchids
The soil made from natural materials required for orchids must be breathable and hygroscopic.
During its growth, the plant constantly exposes the soil to decay, affecting it with root secretions, fertilizers and moisture. In addition, the soil always contains a significant amount of various bacteria and fungi, which help accelerate the process of decomposition of organic matter.
In this case, a sharp deterioration in air exchange occurs, which leads to the destruction of the plant’s root system. Therefore, the condition of the soil must be constantly monitored. At the first alarming signs, the plant should be replanted or the part of the soil that has become unnecessary should be changed.
Attention! The required soil composition for orchids should consist of peat, fern roots, sphagnum moss, tree bark, and charcoal.
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Shade-loving houseplants Indoor flowers and plants are a mandatory attribute of the home interior. And this is well deserved, because with the presence of flowers the room looks much lighter, more comfortable and more interesting. In addition, some of them give us their positive energy, good mood and kill bacteria. It is impossible not to notice the fact that plants increase the humidity in the apartment, this is especially true in winter, when the air becomes dry during heating season.
Before you create a wonderful green corner, you need to carefully study the location of the windows in your apartment. This is due to the fact that many plants are light-loving and in order for them to develop well and form buds, they need enough light.
However, there is a huge selection of shade-loving decorative indoor flowers and plants that require diffused light to thrive. Such shade-loving indoor plants cannot be in the sun, since the rays cause formations in the form of burns on their leaves. And for these reasons alone, the north window is an ideal place for these magnificent representatives of the flora, which feel great in this “oasis”.
Plants for the north window
It is necessary to take into account that most domestic flowers, whose homeland is in southern countries, grew in the lower tiers of the tropics and do not best tolerate the scorching sun, while trying to hide from direct rays.
Also, northern windows have undeniable advantages over southern ones:
Flowers located further north require less watering
There is no need to create additional shading for plants on hot summer days.
However, the most important thing is that in order for the flowers and plants to always be green on the windows facing north, you need to wisely select a representative of the flora who will be “happy” with the conditions that you can provide him.
Examples of shade-loving plants
Sansevieria
This is a universal plant that thrives both in the sun and in the shade and does not respond to the presence of dry air. The main thing is to avoid overwatering. This type of plant requires optimal temperature. In winter it should not be below 13 degrees Celsius. As for watering, it should be moderate. In winter, it is recommended to water 1 - 2 times every 3 months and make sure that drops of water do not fall into the rosette of leaves.
Aspidistra
An ideal plant in every way. It tolerates both insufficient care and polluted air, but direct rays have a detrimental effect on the flower. Aspidistra grows especially well in winter and prefers moderate watering.
Read more: http://annin.ru/?p=10161#ixzz2KJBmC0M4
In general, the Dieffenbachia plant is grown far beyond the borders of our homeland and is most often used for landscaping gardens and decorating greenhouses. But at home you can grow the decorative appearance of this flower. The flower cannot be called light-loving, but it is also a stretch to call it shade-loving.
The Gloxinia plant is a perennial herb and subshrub of the Gesneriaceae family. Gloxinia is native to tropical America. Gloxinia flowers are found naturally from Mexico to Brazil.
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Lithops - belongs to the family of varieties Aizoonaceae. South Africa is considered to be the homeland. Lithops are called living stones for a reason. English botanist Burchell, who first discovered this plant in 1811. The name "Lithops" is translated from two Greek words "stone" and "appearance" or "lithos" - stone and "opsis" - to look. The genus includes about 37 species. The indoor plant comes from the sandy and rocky deserts of South Africa, also from Namibia, Botswana and South Africa. The upper part consists of 2 fused thick leaves, separated by a small gap, from which a peduncle and new leaves then appear
Cirtanthus is a plant from the Amaryllis family. Botanists know forty species of this plant. It reaches a maximum height of forty-five centimeters. Cirtanthus blooms for six months - from November to May. Its homeland is South Africa.
Lachenalia is a plant that belongs to the Liliaceae family. Lachenalia is a small plant: it reaches a height of only twenty centimeters. Lachenalia is native to South Africa. Experts distinguish several types of lachenalia.
Pankratium is another genus of plants that belongs to the Amaryllis family. The countries of the Mediterranean, Africa and Asia are considered to be the birthplace of pankratia. This is a fairly tall plant, reaching a maximum length of sixty centimeters.
Aloe is a very common houseplant. With good care it grows into a large bush with many curved succulent leaves of a bluish-green color.
The homeland of aloe is South Africa. This succulent plant is very hardy, like other types of aloe. But at home it rarely blooms.
Cyperus Indoor plants:
Cyperus belongs to the sedge family and is a direct relative of papyrus. Simple care conditions and ease of propagation make cyperus one of your favorite indoor plants.
Madagascar and the subtropics of Africa are considered to be the birthplace of this exotic plant. Cyperus came to Europe in the first half of the 18th century. This is a pretty herbaceous plant with thin triangular stems that end in graceful umbrellas. Depending on the type of cyperus, the leaves can be light green, dark green, or two-colored. Under natural conditions, Cyperus can form dense thickets in swampy areas and along river banks.
In its homeland, Cyperus can reach a height of up to 3 meters; the maximum height of specimens grown at home is usually from 0.5 to 1.7 m.
The peculiarity of caring for this plant is that cyperus, as a marsh plant, requires constant moisture. It does not tolerate dry air and grows only in very waterlogged soil. Therefore, the tray of the pot in which the cyperus grows must be constantly filled with water. Cyperus is often sprayed. In spring and summer, a pot with this plant can simply be placed in a bowl of water.
Cyperus is well suited for growing in an artificial reservoir. To do this, you need to place the pot with the plant in the pond so that the water slightly covers it, and green umbrellas stick out on the surface. This decoration of a pond looks very impressive.
Cyperus responds well to fresh air, so in the spring-summer period it is better to put it on the balcony or take it out into the yard. And in the cold season, the room with the plant must be regularly ventilated.
The optimal temperature is 18-20°C; in winter, cyperus tolerates a temperature drop to 10-12°C. Cyperus is unpretentious to lighting. It tolerates direct sunlight well, thrives in partial shade, and can grow in artificial light.
In spring and summer, Cyperus needs feeding. Organic or mineral fertilizers are suitable. Feeding is done every 10-14 days.
Cyperus does not require frequent transplants. It is recommended to replant this plant when it becomes clearly noticeable that the green baby has “grown” out of its pot. This is best done in late February - early March. The soil should be a mixture of turf, leaf soil, humus, sand and peat.
As a moisture-loving plant, Cyperus is excellently grown hydroponically.
Cyperus propagates by dividing the bush or vegetatively, namely by apical stem cuttings. To do this, you need to cut off part of the stem with an umbrella and, turning the umbrella down, place it in water or plant it in wet sand. After 10-14 days, roots will appear, then the cyperus can be planted in the ground.
indoor plants
Abutilon
Aglaonema
Akalifa (Acalypha)
Azalea
Alocasia
Anthurium
Ardizia
Asparagus
Aphelandra
Bamboo (Bambusa)
Begonia
Biophytum
Beaucarnea
Bougainvillea
Gardenia
Hibiscus
Gynura
Hypoestes
Gloxinia
Gloriosa
Hydrangea (Hydrangea)
Hoffmannia
Dipladenia
Dischidia
Dieffenbachia
Dracaena
Jasmine (Jasminium)
Jacaranda
Zamioculcas
Zebrina
Iresine
Calamondin (Citrofortunella)
Caladium
Calathea
Callistemon
Camellia
Catharanthus
Clerodendrum
Clianthus
Clivia
Codiaeum
Coleus
Kohleria
Columnea
Cordyline
Maranta
Monstera
Nertera
Nepentes
Oleander (Nerium)
Osmanthus
Pandanus
Passiflora
Pachystachys
Pelargonium (Pelargonium)
Peperomia
Pilea
Poinsettia
Saintpaulia
Siderasis
Syngonium
Smithiantha
Streptocarpus
Spathiphyllum
Strelitzia
Stromanthe
Tradescantia
Ficus
Fittonia
Philodendron
Fuchsia (Fuchsia)
Hedera
Chlorophytum
Cyclamen
Schefflera
Eucharies
Let's list
Bromeliads:
cacti:
plants
Zygocactus
Euphorbia Mile
Orchids:
In these flowers falling in love is simply impossible. For many years, the possession of these plants was considered a sign of aristocracy. Now more and more types are coming on sale at an affordable price.
Where is the birthplace of the orchid plant?
The blooming of orchids is like nothing else. Its flowers seem artificial, they are so beautiful. The number of flowers can reach up to 30 pieces on one peduncle. Orchids need to be fertilized at least twice a month. Watering is best done by bathing. Spray and wipe the leaves often. The lighting is bright, but without direct sunlight. These are, in principle, all the basic rules for caring for beauties, which are not so complicated.
Phalaenopsis
Succulents:
Stone rose
Palm trees:
Palma Hamedoria
Ferns:
Ferns are beautiful family
Nephrolepis
The world around us 2nd grade
Houseplants
We met these plants in first grade.
Homeland of house plants
Recognize them by their silhouettes. Indicate the names with arrows. 
B - begonia, balsam
Here you can find out more about some indoor plants>>
Let's get acquainted with the most common indoor plants and recommendations on living conditions in order to make the right choice to create comfort in your home.
Abutilon
Aglaonema
Akalifa (Acalypha)
Azalea
Alocasia
Anthurium
Ardizia
Asparagus
Aphelandra
Bamboo (Bambusa)
Begonia
Biophytum
Beaucarnea
Bougainvillea
Gardenia
Hibiscus
Gynura
Hypoestes
Gloxinia
Gloriosa
Hydrangea (Hydrangea)
Hoffmannia
Dipladenia
Dischidia
Dieffenbachia
Dracaena
Jasmine (Jasminium)
Jacaranda
Zamioculcas
Zebrina
Iresine
Calamondin (Citrofortunella)
Caladium
Calathea
Callistemon
Camellia
Catharanthus
Clerodendrum
Clianthus
Clivia
Codiaeum
Coleus
Kohleria
Columnea
Cordyline
Maranta
Monstera
Nertera
Nepentes
Oleander (Nerium)
Osmanthus
Pandanus
Passiflora
Pachystachys
Pelargonium (Pelargonium)
Peperomia
Pilea
Poinsettia
Saintpaulia
Siderasis
Syngonium
Smithiantha
Streptocarpus
Spathiphyllum
Strelitzia
Stromanthe
Tradescantia
Ficus
Fittonia
Philodendron
Fuchsia (Fuchsia)
Hedera
Chlorophytum
Cyclamen
Schefflera
Eucharies
Let's list individual houseplant families playing an equally important role in your home.
Bromeliads:
pineapple, vriesia, gusmania, dikkia, cryptanthus, echmea.
The family is native to the tropical territories of the Old World and includes about 2.5 thousand species. Many of them are easy to care for, but have one drawback: a weak root system. It is very original to grow them in containers made of bark using sphagnum moss. They like high humidity, and they like watering too, but it needs to be done in the middle of the outlet. They prefer bright lighting.
cacti:
ailostera, astrophytum, aztecium, blossomsfeldia, gymnocalycium, zygocactus, cleistocactus, coryphanta, lobivia, melocactus, mammillaria.
Perhaps the most popular and widespread plants. Now their family includes more than 5 thousand species. They are valued not only for their unpretentiousness, but also for their interesting, long-awaited flowering. They do not require regular and frequent watering, love the sun, and tolerate dry air well. In summer it is useful to ventilate the room where they live.
Zygocactus
Euphorbia Mile
Orchids:
Vanda, Dendrobium, Cattleya, Miltonia, Oncidium, Paphiopedylum, Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium.
In these flowers falling in love is simply impossible. For many years, the possession of these plants was considered a sign of aristocracy.
Description of indoor plants and flowers.
Now more and more types are coming on sale at an affordable price. The blooming of orchids is like nothing else. Its flowers seem artificial, they are so beautiful. The number of flowers can reach up to 30 pieces on one peduncle. Orchids need to be fertilized at least twice a month. Watering is best done by bathing. Spray and wipe the leaves often. The lighting is bright, but without direct sunlight. These are, in principle, all the basic rules for caring for beauties, which are not so complicated.
Phalaenopsis
Succulents:
agave, adenium, aichrizon, aloe, argyroderma, gasteria, graptoperalum, guernia, butterwort, Kalanchoe, caralluma, crassula, groundsel, lithops, young, spurge, sedum, pachypodium, sansevieria, stapelia, fenestraria, haworthia, echeveria.
Frequent guests on our windowsills. Their peculiarity is the accumulation of moisture in the fleshy leaves, due to which they require abundant and frequent watering; they can be left unattended for a long time. It is not necessary to spray them. They grow better in heavy soil than in loose, nutritious soil. After all, their homeland is deserts, semi-deserts of our land, where the soil for them is often only sand.
Stone rose
Palm trees:
Washingtonia, Caryota, Livistona, Liqualla, Trachycarpus, Date, Hamedorea, Hamerops, Howea.
When purchasing a palm tree, immediately decide on its future location. After all, some species of this family reach impressive sizes. Very often, palm trees decorate the interior of offices or hallways. The plants are quite thermophilic, the temperature should not be lower than 14 degrees. Diffused light would be ideal for her. Please note that palm trees do not tolerate drafts well.
Palma Hamedoria
Ferns:
aglaomorpha, adiantum, blechnum, asplenium, leaflet, multirow, nephrolepis, platycerium, pteris, selaninella.
Ferns are beautiful family plants mostly with lush green leaves. They belong to spore plants. In nature, ferns grow everywhere: in shaded dense forests, in clearings, as well as in the mountains, where it is not always hot, and in many other places, even in deserts. Their genus includes more than 10 thousand species. The temperature when growing them indoors should not be lower than 8 degrees, however, very high temperatures of more than 25 degrees are also harmful for ferns. When it comes to lighting, partial shade is preferable for almost all types. Water abundantly and regularly, but the soil in the pot should not be wet. All ferns love humidity.
Nephrolepis
Many hobbyists create beautiful corners of nature in their apartments, growing beautifully flowering and exotic plants from distant subtropics. Of the subtropical crops, the most valuable for growing indoors are: citrus fruits, bay laurel, persimmon, feijoa, Japanese medlar, olive, fig, pomegranate, avocado and coffee.
When placing plants in an apartment, their biological characteristics must be taken into account. For example, laurel, feijoa, and fig bushes are not afraid of dimly lit places, but citrus fruits need sun. In lemons, the cause of shedding of leaves and buds is often dry air and poor lighting.
Citrus. Seedlings of lemon, tangerine, orange, grapefruit, kincan for indoor cultivation can be grown from seeds and by grafting, and lemon seedlings, in addition, by cuttings and layering (Fig. 1). Citrus fruits are easier to grow from seeds, but they begin to bear fruit late - sometimes after 10-25 years. The most reliable way is to graft cuttings or eyes taken from fruit-bearing trees onto seedlings of lemon, orange, grapefruit and bigaradia. Grafting seedlings with trifoliata (wild lemon) is not suitable for indoor conditions.
The best method of grafting is budding (Fig. 2). The most suitable time for this is August - September or early spring.
In indoor conditions, lemon propagation by cuttings is widely used. The cuttings are rooted in sand, poured in a layer of 5 cm on top of nutritious loose soil (10-12 cm), consisting of four equal parts: leaf or forest soil, turfy fine-lumpy soil, rotted manure and river sand. The cuttings are planted in sand to a depth of 2 cm. Cuttings in September and the first half of October give good results. Some hobbyists plant cuttings directly into pots and cover them with jars.
Oranges can be grown by air layering (Fig. 3).
For indoor citrus cultivation, it is best to use clay pots and wooden tubs. Before planting, the roots of the seedlings are straightened and trimmed a little. The branches of the crown are shortened by 1/3. As the soil is poured into the pot, compact it and water it abundantly. For annual plants, it is recommended to take pots with a diameter at the top of 20-25 cm, for 2-3-year-olds - 25-30, for 4-year-olds - 30-35, and for 6-10-years and older - 35-36 cm. The size of the tubs in the upper part can be up to 40-50 cm. Plants up to three years old are replanted annually, at the age of 3-6 years after 2-3 years and over 6 years - once every 5 or even 10 years. This is done in the spring, before moving the plants out of the room into the air.
A properly formed tree should have a small bole (10-15 cm) with 3-4 correctly located skeletal branches of the first order. When these branches reach 15-20 cm, pinch off the tops. Branches of the second order are pinched at a length of 10-15 cm. Branches of the third and fourth orders are also formed. This is where the main formation ends. Fruiting usually begins on branches of the fourth order. Fruit-bearing plants are pruned in the spring. Small branches that bear fruit are cut into rings, diseased, dry, broken shoots and branches directed into the crown are removed, as well as fatty shoots inside the crown, which are inconvenient to transfer to fruit wood by bending or pruning.
The timing of fertilization depends on the size of the pot, the condition of the trees and the time of year. The smaller the pot, the more often the plants are fertilized. If the tree is fattening, nitrogen fertilizer is applied less frequently. In winter, fertilizer is given once a month, and if the plant is dormant, then even less often. From March to September, it is advisable to apply nitrogen-potassium fertilizer once every 15 days. When the plants are in the air, once every two months rotted manure is poured into the pots and tubs. Mineral fertilizers include potassium and ammonium nitrate and superphosphate (0.5% solution). Superphosphate is taken at the rate of 50 g per 1 liter of water and boiled for 30 minutes. When the liquid has settled, it is drained and diluted with water (1:10) before use. This solution is good to add with vermicompost.
The best temperature for wintering plants is 5-8°C. In warm rooms in winter the air is very dry, so the plants must be sprayed with water once or several times daily, depending on the conditions. The soil in a pot or tub should always be moderately moist.
With the onset of warm summer days, citrus trees can be placed on the balcony or garden.
To avoid sudden changes in temperature in the fall, plants are brought indoors before the onset of cold weather.
The main pests of citrus fruits: scale insects, false scale insects and scale insects, aphids. red and silver ticks.
Noble laurel. A typical subtropical, evergreen, long-lasting plant. There are known specimens over 200-300 years old. The plant is dioecious (male and female flowers on different trees). The flowers are small. Rarely blooms indoors. It begins to bear fruit in natural conditions at the age of 4-6 years. The fruits ripen in October - November. All parts of the plant, including bark, wood and roots, contain an odorous, yellow essential oil. The accumulation of essential oil in the leaves depends on the time of year. It happens most in November-February. (At room conditions -2-3%).
Laurel is propagated mainly by seeds, but it can also be propagated by cuttings. Sowing of seeds is carried out in boxes, clay bowls 12-15 cm high or any other container filled with light soil with drainage. The sowing time under indoor conditions is February - March. Boxes with sown seeds are covered with glass and placed in a warm, bright place where the temperature is 18-24°C. When the seedlings reach a height of 6-8 cm, they should be picked and planted in small pots with a diameter of 10 cm.
Cuttings are taken in March-April. For cuttings, cut small branches with a heel. They are planted in sand to a depth of 2-3 cm, systematically watered and sprayed with clean water 2-3 times a day. Laurels are planted in ordinary pottery pots with nutritious soil, as for citrus fruits, only with the addition of a small amount of lime. The crown is formed with 4-5 skeletal branches. When forming, you should not be afraid of heavy pruning, as it enhances the growth of side shoots. Every year in autumn you can devote up to half of the entire crown. In cold weather, it is better to keep laurel indoors where the temperature is no higher than 10°C. With the onset of warm days (13-15°C), the plants can be taken out to the balcony. During the season they give 2 feedings with mineral fertilizers.
The main pests are soft scale insects, brown scale insects and mealybugs, leaf or greenhouse thrips.
Feijoa. Subtropical evergreen shrub from the Myrtle family.
Feijoa fruits are consumed mainly fresh (you can keep them ground with sugar, like currants), and also prepare jam, jam, and compote. The petals make an aromatic liqueur. The shape of the fruits resembles small cucumbers. The pulp is sweet and sour, reminiscent of strawberries and pineapple in taste, with a pleasant, unique aroma. Fruit weight is 35-120 g. The yield from one bush in indoor cultivation is 2-3 kg. The fruits fall off hard, then gradually ripen, becoming soft and juicy. Varieties that do not require pollination are grown indoors. If feijoa bushes bloom but do not form ovaries, artificial pollination is required.
Feijoa is propagated by seeds, cuttings and layering. In indoor conditions, it is better to propagate by seeds; they are sown in January - February in small boxes with light nutritious soil. When sowing, the seeds are mixed with sand. Shoots appear in 3-4 weeks. When the seedlings have 2-4 pairs of leaves, they are planted in boxes or directly in flower pots for permanent cultivation. When the seedlings reach a height of 25-30 cm, they are cut off by 1/3. The crown of the bush is formed from the emerging side shoots. For normal plant development and fruit harvest, abundant nutrition is required. Fertilizers are applied in dissolved form: 3g. nitrogen, 3g. potassium and 3 g phosphorus per 1 liter of water. In the first 2-3 years, the plants are transplanted annually into larger pots, and at 7-8 years of age - into wooden tubs. The first flowering of plants when propagated by seeds begins at 4-5 years of age. For normal plant development, the soil is regularly watered with clean water and kept moderately moist, and the crown is sprayed if the room temperature rises to 20-22°C and air humidity is low.
In the summer, it is better to place feijoas on balconies or near open windows.
Main pests: scale insect, false scale insect, mealybug.
Figs(fig tree, fig tree, wineberry) belongs to the mulberry family. This is a perennial deciduous, dioecious plant that has two forms of inflorescences - female - figs and male - caprifigs.
Figs are consumed fresh and used to make various jams and preserves. Moreover, jam or figs boiled in milk are used as a remedy for respiratory diseases. The flowers are found within female and male inflorescences, invisible on trees. Figs are pollinated by a small wasp - blastophaga. Therefore, for growing indoors, it is necessary to select self-pollinating varieties. Figs are propagated by cuttings, layering and seeds. When propagated by seeds, it is possible to select the most suitable forms and varieties for indoor cultivation. However, seed plants begin to bear fruit from the 4th to 6th year, and those propagated vegetatively - from the 2nd to 3rd year. Seedlings are grown in the same way as feijoa seedlings. Propagating figs by cuttings is the most reliable and affordable method for indoor cultivation. The length of the cutting is 10-15 cm with 3-4 buds. The planting depth is 3-5 cm. The cuttings placed for rooting are covered on top with plastic film or glass and opened when the first leaves begin to unfold on the cuttings. Under optimal conditions (20-24°C), rooting occurs in 20-25 days.
Figs are cut in the spring before growth begins and in the summer from June to August. Rooting lasts 2-3 months, then the plants are transplanted into flower pots with a diameter of 20-25 cm.
To form the crown of a fig, the first pinching of the apical bud is done after the appearance of the seventh leaf. Of the emerging side shoots, 3-4 are left, evenly spaced around the stem, and from them a crown is formed on a small bole by pinching the tops. On a properly formed bush, the first harvest can be harvested in the second year after planting in a permanent place.
Caring for figs in summer is approximately the same as for feijoa. In winter, it can be kept under normal indoor conditions, but for this you need to spray it more often and water less.
Japanese medlar or loquat. Loquat belongs to the Rosaceae family. It is a small evergreen tree or branched bush.
Select three houseplants from reference books or online
Homeland - China. Exported to Europe from Japan, which is why it received the name Japanese. It has a well-leafed, beautiful compact crown. It blooms for a long time (from October to January), the flowers are fragrant, collected in clusters. The fruits are round, fleshy, sweet and sour, pleasantly refreshing, ripen in May-June, and are eaten fresh.
Medlar propagates by seeds or grafting. In indoor conditions, it is better to grow it from seeds. Good germination occurs when sowing fresh seeds.
Shoots appear promptly 2-3 weeks after sowing and reach 25-30 cm in height by autumn. The first fruiting occurs in the 5th-6th year. Meddlar seedlings are quite constant and repeat the characteristics of their parents in many characteristics. You can grow medlar on quince rootstock or medlar seedlings. On quince, medlar takes on a low-growing bush form and bears fruit early. The eyes for budding are taken from the mature part of last year's shoot, and the shield should be at least 2.5 cm. Under indoor conditions, medlar blooms mainly in winter, and the fruits ripen at the end of May to June.
For active growth and development, plants carry out regular (once every 12-15 days) fertilizing with complex mineral and organic fertilizers.
The main pests are mealybugs and various types of scale insects.
Persimmon. Subtropical deciduous fruit plant of the ebony family. Persimmon, formed in the form of a small tree, has a decorative appearance due to the variegated color of the leaves before leaf fall and long-hanging fruits.
Depending on the variety, the flowers are dioecious, monoecious and rarely bisexual. Female flowers are large, solitary, male flowers are small, sitting in groups of 3-5 on short and thin shoots.
The fruit is a large fleshy berry 6-8 cm long. The skin color is orange or red, reminiscent of a tomato. Fruit weight is 200-300 g. The fruits contain 12-18% sugar, 1.18-0.33% protein, 0.41-0.92 citric acid, vitamins C and A. When fully ripe, the fruits are sweet and tasty. They are consumed mainly in fresh and dried form.
Persimmon is propagated by seeds and by grafting onto seedlings.
The best rootstock for indoor conditions is Caucasian persimmon, which develops a fibrous root system well. Grafted plants bear fruit earlier.
Persimmon is a deciduous plant, relatively frost-resistant. Therefore, after the leaves have fallen, it can be kept in rooms with low temperatures (3-5°C) and poor access to light. To prevent hypothermia and drying out of the root system, the soil is covered with wet sawdust or sphagnum with a layer of 4-5 cm. Fertilizing and watering are not required. When drying, the sawdust is moistened. In heated rooms, plants are sprayed and the soil is moistened. In the summer, plants are taken out onto the balcony.
Persimmon is formed with a small bole (40-50 cm) and 3-4 skeletal branches, on which branches of 2-3 orders are formed. The formation of fruit buds in persimmons occurs on the shoots of the current year.
The most common pest is the Japanese waxwing. Among the diseases is scab.
Olive. An evergreen subtropical fruit plant from the oilseed family. For indoor cultivation, the olive is formed in the form of a bush with a small bole. It blooms in May with small yellowish-white flowers collected in 15-30 pieces. in the brush. The flowering period sometimes lasts several months. The drupe fruit contains 45-70% fat.
Olives are propagated by seeds, cuttings and by grafting cultivated varieties onto seedlings of wild or varietal olives. Olive seeds have a hard shell and do not germinate well, so it is best to propagate it by cuttings. Cuttings cut from annual branches must be treated with growth substances. Thick cuttings of branches, as well as root shoots, take root better. Rooted cuttings are planted in tubs or flower pots. The soil for olives should have a high lime content: add 20-25g per 1 kg of soil. lime The olive's root system develops slowly, so it does not need to be replanted often. Older bushes are replanted after 5-7 years.
When growing, weak branches must be pruned, as they usually form flowers that do not bear fruit. Olive is responsive to fertilizing with organo-mineral fertilizers.
Tags: subtropical plants, Indoor floriculture, agricultural technology of citrus and subtropical plants.
Indoor orchid: where is the plant’s homeland
The world around us 2nd grade
Houseplants
Indoor plants are very diverse. Their homeland is warm countries where they live in nature. We breed them in our houses and greenhouses.
We met these plants in first grade. Recognize them by their silhouettes. Indicate the names with arrows.
Seryozha has come up with a difficult but interesting task for you. Using the atlas - identifier "From Earth to Sky" choose indoor plants whose names begin with the first 5 letters of the alphabet(one for each letter). Write these names.
A - asparagus, aspidistra, aloe, Amazon lily, abutilon
B - begonia, balsam
V - upstart, wallota, vanda, washingtonia
G-hippeastrum, gloxinia, geranium, hydrangea
D - dracaena, dendrobium, dikia, dorsthenia
Using the atlas-identifier "From Earth to Sky", fill out the table.
Houseplants in our class
Practical work "Learning to care for indoor plants."
Purpose of work: learn how to care for indoor plants
Equipment (what plant care products were used): watering can, sprayer, stick, sponge or cloth.
Progress of work (what actions were performed): watering, spraying, loosening the soil, wiping the leaves with a damp sponge or damp rag.
Evaluating the work done (whether the goal was achieved): learned how to properly care for the plant. Goal achieved
Using the atlas-identifier “From Earth to Sky”, as well as (if necessary) other literature on floriculture, fill out the table.
Houseplants in my home
Here you can find out more about some indoor plants>>
This encyclopedia provides a brief overview of indoor plants.
Article source: The Complete Encyclopedia of Houseplants. Yu.V. Sergienko
Primrose is a perennial herbaceous plant, native to Western Europe and China.
This is a beautiful low wound that blooms almost all year round with fragrant marks of a wide variety of colors.
primroses develop well at temperatures up to 20° C; at winter air temperatures of 10-15° C, the duration of the flowering period increases
Primrose is a light-loving plant; it is placed on southern windows, protecting it, however, from direct sunlight. In summer, primrose is taken out into the garden or onto the balcony.
Watering is required regular and moderate, as excess moisture can be detrimental to the plant
Primrose does not need to be sprayed additionally; it tolerates dry air well
young plants are replanted every year, adults - once every 3 years
Plant of the Crassulaceae family. Homeland - South Africa. Cotyledon is widely used in indoor gardening as a beautiful flowering plant.
in summer 14-18° C, in winter not lower than 10° C
The plant is photophilous and needs bright lighting. In summer it is recommended to take it outside
moderate throughout the year. During the dormant period, when the plant partially sheds its leaves, stop watering
the plant is not demanding on air humidity, does not need spraying
annually in spring
Quite an extensive genus, numbering about 50 species.
in summer, the air temperature should not exceed 20° C, and in winter - 17° C
Cleistocactus - light-loving plant
the soil is moistened as the earthen clod dries out. In winter, stop watering, only occasionally wetting the top layer of soil.
replant cleistocactus as it grows
The homeland of the ragwort is the south and southwest of Africa. The genus is represented by succulents, subshrubs, and vines, which are distributed almost throughout the world.
Raspberry is a heat-loving plant, so in summer it can be taken out to the balcony; the air temperature should be about 25° C. In winter, it is not recommended to leave the flower in a draft, and the temperature should be maintained at least 13-15° C
Raspberry is a very light-loving plant that must be placed in bright rooms on southern, southeastern, and southwestern windows. This flower, unlike others, tolerates direct sunlight well, so it does not need to be shaded in summer (except for the Gefrain's ragwort). In winter, the plant needs additional artificial lighting.
Water the plant moderately, avoiding waterlogging of the soil, which could cause the root system of the ragwort to rot, leading to the death of the entire plant. In winter, when active growth stops, it is advisable to reduce the number of waterings, but do not allow the earthen clod to dry out.
the flower responds well to spraying, which helps get rid of dust on the leaves
It is advisable to transfer the plant in early spring. To do this, prepare larger pots, place a layer of drainage on the bottom and lightly cover it with the prepared mixture, you can add a little humus
Plant of the amaryllis family. Homeland - Southeast Africa. After the end of flowering, crinum begins a period of rest. At this time, the plant partially sheds its leaves. Crinum is one of the flowering crops, therefore it is widely used in decorative floriculture. It can be used to create group compositions; it goes well with other plants, especially bulbous ones. Large specimens can be used as tapeworms. All parts of crinum are poisonous, so the plant should be kept out of the reach of children and animals.
Crinum is a herbaceous plant with large (up to 15 cm in diameter) bulbs. Young leaves are rolled into tubes. The flowers are tubular, large (up to 15-20 cm in diameter), up to 17.5 cm long, white or pink, fragrant, collected, depending on the type, 1-50 pieces in umbrella-shaped inflorescences. Peduncles are tall, leafless. It blooms at different times of the year depending on the growing method.
moderate in summer, not lower than 8-10° C in winter
bright throughout the year; in summer with little direct sunlight; You can take the crinum out to an open place protected from the wind
abundant in spring and early summer. Before the flowering period begins, watering is stopped, and after the end it is greatly reduced.
The birthplace of the anthurium plant, the necessary soil composition for its cultivation
In winter, water rarely, but the earthen clod should not be allowed to dry out.
from time to time, especially during hot periods, wipe the leaves with a damp sponge
after 2-3 years in the spring. The plant is replanted so that the bulb is 1/3 above the ground
This plant is native to Eastern Brazil. The genus Cryptanthus includes 25 small stemless herbaceous plants. Cryptanthus leaves are collected in a dense basal rosette. The leaf blade is wide, the edges are wavy.
Cryptanthus blooms very decoratively. Its flowers, collected in a few-flowered inflorescence, are quite large, up to 4 cm long. A closer look reveals that the small sepals are strongly fused. The flower petals are white, bent, fused at the base. The stamens are bright yellow, strongly protruding.
Cryptanthus is a fairly heat-loving plant. It needs high air temperature (within 22-28°C in summer and 18-20°C in winter). It is best to grow Cryptanthus in a terrarium
Cryptanthus does not like direct sunlight, but its lack is reflected in the decorative coloring of leaves and inflorescences. As a rule, the plant is placed on windows of east or west orientation with careful shading
In summer, the plant is watered moderately, adding water to the middle of the leaf rosette. Under no circumstances should the soil be over-moistened. In winter, watering should be scarce
The leaves can be sprayed with warm water several times a week.
the plant does not need replanting, since after the end of the flowering period the maternal rosette of leaves dies off, leaving several side shoots
Perennial corm plant of the iris family. The stem of crocosmia is original, curved, its height can reach 1 m.
not lower than 18°C. The plant does not tolerate sudden changes in temperature
bright, with some direct sunlight
abundant and regular
spraying is required only in the warm season
after flowering, the bulbs are dug up and stored in a dark, dry place until next year
Ctenanta, with more than 10 species, is a small herbaceous plant from South America.
ctenanta is a heat-loving plant. In summer, the temperature should be 20-22 ° C in winter - 18-20 ° C. The plant does not tolerate temperatures dropping to 15 ° C
ctenanta grows well both in well-lit places and in partial shade. It is better to shade from direct sunlight
the soil should be constantly moist, but not wet
The main requirement of the ctenant is high air humidity. Therefore, the plant is often sprayed with warm water, and the pot is placed on a tray filled with wet pebbles or peat.
Ctenants are replanted no more than once every 2-3 years
The homeland of kufei is the tropics and subtropics of America, the island of Jamaica. Now about 250 species of this plant are known.
kufeya is a heat-loving plant, therefore in summer the temperature is 23-25° C, in winter the temperature should not be lower than 15° C
Kufeya is a light-loving plant, but does not tolerate direct sunlight
in the summer, water the flower 2 times a week, but do not allow the soil to become waterlogged. In winter, the amount of watering is halved
the plant responds well to spraying with water, which is carried out on hot days
the plant is transshipped annually in early spring
The plant belongs to the lily family. Muscari is a bulbous perennial that can reach a height of 20 cm. The narrow-linear leaves are collected in a rosette. In spring, flower stalks with purple flowers appear, collected in racemes. Some gardeners use this plant for winter forcing.
in summer 20-23° C, in winter within 18° C
bright, shaded from direct sunlight
Before emergence, the amount of watering should be very limited. Then soil moisture is increased
high, the plant is sprayed daily
as needed
Houseplants on the forum
Nowadays, amateur flower growers have the opportunity to grow many exotic flowers at home. To create the same conditions for subtropical, tropical or even desert indoor plants as in their homeland, you need to know the climate of the area in which they grow in the wild. Then green “aliens” from distant countries and continents will be able to fully delight with their unusual beauty.
The influence of the homeland of indoor plants on their development
The formation of flora is decisively influenced by the climatic conditions of the country of origin. Plants have been adapting to specific living conditions for millions of years. As a result, they acquired and retain their biological characteristics, for example, the ability to store water for future use, absorb useful substances from water through leaf plates, or withstand dust storms.
Knowledge of the nuances of climatic conditions and their recreation at home in a microclimate similar to their native one will ensure effective growth and development of flowers
Homeland of house plants
The overwhelming majority of domestic flowers (even those with names that are very familiar to us) come from distant tropics, subtropics and deserts.
Each of the climatic zones is not homogeneous within itself. Thus, the tropics and subtropics are divided into dry and wet. In each case, the ratio of the most important climatic factors for plant life - heat, light and moisture - is different.
At home, it is not always possible to bring the microclimate closer to the natural living conditions of the flower. Sometimes, no matter how hard you try, it is not possible to ensure that the size, appearance and splendor of a plant are the same as in its homeland.
Tropics
Tropical climates are divided into two types:
- continental - with heat and droughts, winds, dust storms, temperature changes day and night, summer and winter;
- oceanic - softer than continental, with warm, rainy summers and frost-free winters.
The average "tropical" temperature is:
- in summer - about 25–30 ℃ (can sometimes reach 50 ℃);
- in winter - 15–20 ℃ (in continental areas it may drop below 0 for a short time).
Tropical rain forests occupy large areas in Australia and Florida, on the islands of Oceania and the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, in Indochina and Madagascar. It is here that 4/5 of all plant species on Earth live.
High humidity and warmth without sudden temperature changes create ideal conditions for the development of flora. The soils in the tropics are loose and fertile. Due to dense stands of tall trees, herbaceous plants had to adapt to the lack of light. Some have learned to absorb moisture with the entire surface of delicate large leaves, others - epiphytes - settle not on the ground, but on tree trunks and branches, closer to the light. Lianas entwine nearby trunks for the same purpose.
Among the representatives of tropical flora there are no cold- and drought-resistant indoor flowers. With the exception of epiphytes and lianas, almost all of them require shading when grown at home. Their rest period is weakly expressed.
For most domestic tropical plants, you need to create high air humidity and regularly feed them with fertilizers
The most popular house plants that came to us from the tropics:
- Decorative flowering and deciduous- pteris, Zucharis grandiflora, Philodendron Sello, adiantums, Tectaria hemlock, Alocasia largeroot, Strelitzia reginas, anthuriums, begonias, Dieffenbachias, dracaenas, calatheas, cryptanthus, white-veined arrowroot and many others.
- Ampelous plants, vines- Weilbach's echmea, climbing anthurium, beautiful hoya, billbergia, beautiful brovallia, jasmine sambac, vriesia, pellionia, golden-leaved heteropteris, columnaea, rhipsalis, attractive monstera, bigionia, green pellea, thunbergia, syngonium, tender pilea.
Subtropics
The climatic regions of the subtropics are divided into the following zones:
- Mediterranean (also called dry subtropics). Summers are sunny, dry and hot, winters are warm and rainy. Includes the western coasts of the continents, the southern coast of Crimea and the Mediterranean, California, southwestern Australia and central Chile.
- Monsoon (humid subtropics)- with hot but rainy summers, dry and relatively cold winters. This climate is characteristic of southern Japan and New Zealand, the west of the Australian continent and North America, the island of Madagascar, and the southeastern territories of Africa.
Plants, whose homeland is dry subtropics, love good lighting, but do not have protective mechanisms against intense ultraviolet radiation, therefore, when grown indoors, they need additional shading
Most of them have a pronounced period of winter dormancy, when the flower needs cooler air temperatures. In summer, the comfort temperature is 20–22 ℃, in winter - 8–10 ℃.
Here are some of the many names of indoor plants native to the dry subtropical zone:
- Deciduous and ornamental flowering - many begonias, large-tufted pineapple, variegated rheo, beautiful browallia, Jacobinia Fields, white zephyranthes, oleanders, orange clivia.
- Ampelous flowers and vines- nephrolepis, asparagus, bougainvillea glabra, blue passionflower, pelargonium thyroid, cape guinea, Thompson's clerodendron, rhombolifolia, plectranthus, chlorophytum crested, ficus montana, tradescantia, aechmea (striped and cupped).
A characteristic feature of the flora of humid subtropics is large and soft, hairless, shiny leaf plates, the surface of which is capable of absorbing moisture. Their emergence is associated with the need to look for alternative ways to obtain nutrients in subtropical rain forests.
Indoor plants that came from this climate zone:
- Flowering and deciduous- aspidistra, aspleniums, phanerophlebia crescents, ophiopogon japonica.
- Lianas and ampelous forms- saxifraga, Japanese lygodium, almost the entire amaryllis family, tiny ficus, lady's hair, Japanese honeysuckle, Siebold's sedum, trachelosiermum jasminoides, Antarctic cissus.
Desert
Deserts have extremely low soil and ambient air humidity, and sparse precipitation falls unevenly. Therefore, desert flora has not only adapted to consume a minimum of moisture, but also to store it for future use. Since there are no trees that provide shade in the desert, herbaceous plants have adapted to the scorching sun. The leaf blades are either modified into spines, like those of cacti, or become leathery, covered with a protective layer of wax or fat, like those of succulents. The dormant period in herbaceous desert plants is pronounced. Accustomed to poor soils, they do not require additional feeding when grown at home.
Since desert conditions vary across continents, it is important to know where the flower comes from. American deserts are not as hot as African deserts. In winter, the temperature drops to 13–18 ℃, but many species can withstand short-term cooling to 7–8 ℃. In summer, the average value does not exceed 35 ℃.
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Plants from dry regions:
- From American deserts- retracted agave, Morgan sedum, oblique nolina, ficus-indica and white-haired prickly pears, zebra-shaped tradescantia, Peruvian cereus, numerous agaves, yucca glorious.
- From African deserts- thick adenium, globular spurge, tree crassula, various haworthias, Kalanchoe becharis, Marlota aloe, Otton cape, rooting ragwort.
Knowing where an exotic plant comes from and what the natural conditions of its growth are, you can assess your capabilities before purchasing: whether it will be possible to provide the flower with comfortable conditions. Subsequently, such knowledge will help in caring for the plant, taking into account the characteristics of growth and development.
