What could be more wonderful than school time? But despite this, we have to face many difficulties. The biggest obstacle that anyone who decides to graduate from 11th grade will have to go through is the Unified State Exam.

In almost all universities and in all areas you need to take a subject called social studies. The hardest part of the exam is the essay. Therefore, before writing, you need to draw up a plan for an essay on social studies and follow it strictly point by point. This is the only way to write a beautiful essay. An essay plan in social studies, as well as in other subjects, should contain three main parts: introduction, main part and conclusion. We will dwell on each point in detail.

Why do you need to know how to write essays?

Everyone forces us to express our thoughts consistently, correctly and with reason. This will definitely come in handy in life. Even if you just have a friendly conversation, then it would be appropriate here, not saturated with jargon and other “garbage” of the Russian language.

Also, writing essays teaches us to identify the main idea that they want to convey to us, analyze, and express our personal opinion about the problem.

If we talk about exams, then before writing you should develop a detailed plan for writing an essay on social studies. This will help you not get lost in your own thoughts and not move away from the main problem. Some people really like writing essays; all they need to do is write social studies in their heads. For the rest, it’s better to use a draft so that the plan is always in front of you.

The introduction and conclusion are short sections that are about three to four sentences each. All parts are separated by a paragraph. You should not write in a continuous canvas, it is very difficult for readers to perceive. You won't earn many points for such a "sheet".

Unified State Exam in Social Studies

The test part of the social studies exam is quite simple. You need to answer test questions, they all have 4 answer options. The second part is a little more difficult. Here you are asked to fill in the missing words, complete the table, or connect the corresponding points.

The hardest part is C. Here you need to choose an expression (quote) of a famous person from several proposed options. Next, write an essay-argument on the topic of the statement. In order to cope with the work and get a good score, you need to make an outline for your social studies essay. The Unified State Exam is quite easy to pass if you prepare for it a little.

It is worth setting aside at least an hour a day for self-preparation, or hiring a tutor or attending specialized training courses. Pay special attention to the creative part. It is possible to create an essay plan for social studies (USE) so that it can be used for absolutely all topics. This is what we suggest you do right now. We will highlight the main parts that should be contained in your essay and give the main cliches. All this will greatly simplify your work during the unified state exam.

Plan

The plan for an essay on social studies is practically no different from that for other creative works. Now we will provide a detailed plan for the essay, we will describe in sufficient detail what should be included in each part. So, the plan for an essay in social studies is as follows:

1. Introduction. It is worth saying right away that there are no strict requirements for this work. The main thing is that the topic is disclosed. You need to demonstrate your knowledge of the theory and confirm it with facts from history, literature or life. Entry is not mandatory, but recommended. Many schoolchildren cannot imagine an essay without an introduction. If you find it difficult to start your essay right away with thoughts, give a short introduction (2-3 sentences). Here we can clearly formulate the problem. If there is no introduction, points for this are not reduced.
2. The meaning of the quote. This short section consists of no more than five sentences. It is not at all necessary to quote the entire statement. A link to the author will suffice, followed by an interpretation in your own words. Here, many use clichés, for example: “In the statement of the philosopher Feuerbach, a phenomenon (process or problem) is considered (or described) ...” or “The meaning of the statement ... is that ....” In the examples you will see how to use these forms correctly.
3. Theory. In this part you must write whether you agree with the author’s opinion or not. In most cases, students confirm the opinion and simply rewrite the quote using special terminology. Also in this part you can give examples to defend your point of view.
4. Data. It is better to avoid any general phrases; you need to give specific examples (“as we know from the chemistry course...”, “as the famous philosopher said...” and similar forms).
5. IN conclusion we need to summarize everything we said earlier. Schoolchildren often use this form: “Thus, the examples given allow us to assert that...” Instead of the ellipsis, you need to insert a reformulated main idea of ​​the statement.

Introduction

The social studies essay (outline, cliches we have already provided) should be short, but reflect the main idea. In this part we will give you examples of possible introductions.

1. "Feuerbach is a famous German philosopher who argued that theory and practice are interrelated and complement each other."
2. “The most interesting quote for me was the statement of the American writer L. Peter, who spoke about the high purpose of economic culture.”

The meaning of the statement

1. “The meaning of the statement is very simple - you need to be able to save and correctly distribute resources, which will help stop hunger throughout the world.”
2. "Raising this problem, the author says that the younger generation understands little about adult life. They are like foreigners who do not know the customs and way of life of the inhabitants of this country."

Theory

Let's look at the plan for writing a social studies essay. Next, we must demonstrate our theoretical knowledge acquired in social studies lessons at school. Here are some examples:

1. “The behavior of each individual person is of great importance for the whole society. This is a separate but connected group with the world. It is the social status that determines the behavior model of each individual person. If someone stands out for his behavior, and this is unacceptable in society, then social control services are involved ..."
2. “My opinion is this: I completely agree with the author’s position. Indeed, laws play a big role in a person’s life. They help and protect from bad, immoral acts...”

Data

We have almost figured out how to write an essay on social studies; all that remains is to understand what examples can be given in the next paragraph. Facts could be something like this:

1. Literary. For example: “I would like to give an example from the book “Rich and Poor Dad,” where the author R. Kiyosaki says that economic freedom is very important...”
2. From education, science, media and so on.“As an argument, we can cite the history of the development of the science of chemistry. How did people gain knowledge about possible reactions? Of course, from experience..."

Conclusion

The last part consists of 1-2 sentences, for example:

1. “I completely agree with the statement, because only... can lead to...”
2. “Thus, the philosopher... expressed a rather clever thought... which requires analysis and reflection.”

Are you still wondering how to write a social studies essay? My answer is regularly. And if you still haven’t decided to write a mini-essay, start immediately after reading the recommendations.

What is an essay? This is a literary genre, a short essay in prose expressing the author’s personal position on a specific issue. In an essay, the author makes an attempt to comprehend an idea or problem and expresses his attitude towards it in a relaxed manner. The author's unique view of social processes and phenomena, style of thinking and culture of speech make the essay especially valuable. The author is free to choose the logic of presenting his reasoning, but a good essay is distinguished by its multifacetedness and paradoxical nature, internal unity and consistency, and there are no template formulations or cliches in it. And finally, the essay is one possible opinion, so it does not claim to be a definitive solution to the problem.
Completing task 29 of the Unified State Exam in social studies begins with choosing one problematic statement (sometimes aphorism) out of five. Which statement should I choose? The context for the topics offered to the graduate is taken from the various basic sciences of the integrated social studies course. When revealing the idea of ​​a statement, you must apply social science knowledge, use concepts and theoretical principles. Of course, doing this well is impossible in an unfamiliar context. Therefore, the first factor that you should consider when choosing an essay topic is the scientific context (philosophical, economic, sociological, socio-psychological, political science, legal). The second factor is understanding the essence of the statement. Carefully analyze each statement. Think about what the author of the statement wants to say, what main thought (idea) he wants to convey to us. Expressing the idea of ​​a statement is the starting point in writing an essay, so misunderstanding or inadequate understanding of it will not allow you to implement the basic requirements of task 29 of the Unified State Exam in social studies. The third factor is the ability to create logically coherent reasoning. If it seems impossible to do this, then you need to change the topic. So, when choosing a topic, you need to take into account three circumstances: the scientific context, understanding the essence of the statement and the possibility of creating a logically coherent essay.
Social studies essays from 2019 are graded at 6 primary points , and this up to 12 secondary . Success in solving task 29 of the Unified State Exam in social studies for the maximum score lies in compliance with criteria , which have changed since 2018. There are only four of them.

Criterion 1. Revealing the meaning of the statement. You should start your mini-essay by formulating the main idea or thesis of the statement. For clarity, let’s look at Maria’s essay, which was rated 6 points by experts. The topic of the essay is “A planned economy takes into account everything in its plans except the economy” (K. McWilliams).

To write a mini-essay I chose the saying of K. McWilliams “A planned economy takes into account everything in its plans except the economy.” The main idea This statement is a way of organizing a planned economy as an economic system. The author believes that The planned economy does not ensure proper development of the country's economy, since it is far from the most effective economic system. I totally agree with this statement. Indeed, with government regulation it is almost impossible to ensure favorable economic development.

Here is an example of how to correctly reveal the meaning of a statement. Maria identified the main idea of ​​the statement, specified it and expressed her attitude to this idea. You may not agree with the idea of ​​the statement, the main thing is to provide convincing arguments for your disagreement.
There may be several main ideas or theses in a statement. Formulate at least one, but do it correctly, because an incorrect interpretation of the meaning of the statement will mark your entire essay as zero. Therefore, compliance with this criterion is very important and when preparing for the exam, it is necessary to devote enough time to learn how to reveal the meaning of the statement. Correct fulfillment of this criterion will earn you 1 point, and incorrect fulfillment of this criterion will earn you 0 points for the entire mini-essay.

Criterion 2. Theoretical content of the mini-essay. At the next stage, you need to think about what terms and provisions from the social studies course can be attributed to this statement and write them. Correct and complete fulfillment of this criterion is assessed as 2 points. Let's see how Maria did it.

The author highlights the concept of a planned economy as key. Planned Economy- an economic system in which the state exercises full control over the economic activities of the country and carries out centralized planning. Another name for this economic system is administrative-command. Of course, it has several advantages, for example, it functions well in wartime, producing the necessary funds in the right quantities. But in peacetime, for the favorable development of the country it is necessary market economic system, in which the manufacturer, focusing on demand(the desire of the buyer to buy a certain product at a certain price), he decides what to produce. In a command-administrative economic system, the state deals with this issue without effectively distributing resources.
Directive pricing- another one of the disadvantages of this economic system. By setting prices for all goods and services, the state prevents competition and the independence of commodity producers, which affects the quality of goods and services, because producers are not interested in improving their work.

Revealing the second criterion, Maria introduces several terms related to the topic of the essay: planned economy, market economy, demand, policy pricing. She gives the pros and cons of a planned economy.

Criterion 3. Correct use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions. Innovation in essay criteria for 2018. You can now get 1 point for not being scientifically incorrect. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to the theoretical content of the mini-essay.

Criteria 4. The quality of the facts and examples provided. You must illustrate your theoretical arguments and conclusions with examples and facts from social life, other academic subjects, or personal social experience. The main thing is that your examples should not be abstract, but concrete and necessarily detailed. There should be two examples, use different sources (for example, one from science, one from social life). Well, if you encounter difficulty in selecting an appropriate example, do not get lost, model (invent) it. Correct and complete fulfillment of this criterion is assessed as 2 points.

Perhaps the most striking example of a command economy in history was the USSR. The state independently set all prices for goods and services, which led to an eternal shortage on store shelves. The economy of the USSR was in a deplorable state, which affected the mentality of its citizens, who were still afraid of food shortages and were purchasing them for future use.
In the modern world, we can also observe several states where this economic system remains. For example, North Korea. The standard of living of the population there leaves much to be desired, technological progress is moving at a slow pace. The country also has predominant state ownership of the means of production - another feature of this economic system. Due to centralized planning, there is no business activity there. Citizens have a significantly limited choice of products, because the seller is not interested in producing quality goods.

The essay should end with a logical conclusion.


Thus, K. McWilliams wants to convey to us the idea that a planned economy cannot bring the desired rate of economic growth to the state. It has many significant shortcomings, which prevent its full functioning.
What should you not do in an essay?

• No need to write about who the author is!
• There is no need to support your thoughts or compare the quote with aphorisms of other famous people!

Do you want to write an essay worth 6 points? Write regularly (once or twice a week). For what? Firstly, you will develop the skill of writing essays according to the criteria; as they say, your hand will become “filled”. Secondly, you will collect your own bank of essays, and it is quite possible that you will be able to use a ready-made mini-essay in the exam.
Of course, it is difficult to learn how to write a mini-essay according to all criteria on your own. You need an appropriate analysis of each of your essays from the outside. 12 Sep 26.09.2017

How to write an essay? Unified State Examination in Social Studies, task No. 29

The last task of the KIM Unified State Exam in social studies is considered to be the most difficult. FIPI examiners allot 45 minutes to write a mini-essay. Correct completion of the task gives the maximum possible number of primary points.

In this short guide, I'll show you how to write an essay as quickly and easily as possible.

Essay evaluation criteria

First, let's look at the wording of task No. 29 from the demo version of the Unified State Exam in social studies:

Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and data public life and one's own life experience. (Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation).

Philosophy
“All our theories are nothing more than a generalization of experience, observed facts” (V.A. Ambartsumyan).
Economy
“Supply and demand are a process of mutual adaptation and coordination” (P.T. Heine).
Sociology, social psychology
“The beginning of personality comes much later than the beginning of the individual” (B.G. Ananyev).
Political science
““Divide and conquer” is a wise rule, but “unite and direct” is even better” (I.V. Goethe).
Jurisprudence
“The law does not know class crimes, does not know differences in the circle of persons among whom its violation is committed. He is equally strict and equally merciful to everyone” (A.F. Koni).

To cope with the task, we definitely need to familiarize ourselves with. You can find the criteria on the FIPI website; they are posted in one document along with a demo version of the exam.

First criterion (K1) - defining. You need to reveal the meaning of the statement. If you do not do this or reveal the meaning of the statement inaccurately, you will be given zero points for K1 and all essays will not be checked. If K1 is met, you are given 1 point and the expert checks the work further.

Second criterion (K2). You must provide arguments from your social studies course. It is necessary to cite and explain concepts, social processes, laws that will help reveal the meaning of the statement.

The maximum number of primary points for this criterion is 2. If “the answer contains individual concepts or provisions related to the topic, but not related to each other and to other components of the argumentation,” the expert reduces the score and gives one point.

If the meaning of at least one term is conveyed incorrectly, then the K2 score is reduced by 1 point: from 2 points to 1 point, from 1 point to 0 points.

Third criterion (K3). According to this criterion, you need to provide 2 factual arguments in favor of your own point of view. If you make a factual error (for example, say that Putin is the chairman of the government), the argument will not be taken into account. If the argument does not work for your point of view and reveal the meaning of the statement, it will not be taken into account either.

Arguments should be from various sources: “media reports, materials from educational subjects (history, literature, geography, etc.), facts of personal social experience and own observations.” Two arguments from the literature or two arguments from the media can be counted as “arguments from the same type of source,” which will lead to a decrease in score by 1 point.

How to choose a quote?

Before you write your essay, you need to choose a quote. And you need to choose not according to the principle “liked - disliked”, “boring - interesting”. You need to carefully study the statements and evaluate the prospects for writing a good essay on each of them. This should take no more than 2-3 minutes.

1. Read the statements carefully. Identify several quotes whose meaning is most clear to you.
2. For each statement, the meaning of which is clear, determine the range of terms, processes, phenomena and laws from the social studies course. Discard quotes that you are not sure about.
3. From the remaining quotes, choose those to which you can provide quality arguments.

If, after you run all the quotes through these three filters, you are left with all five quotes, you can choose the one that is closest to your heart. (In that case, you know your social studies course very well, congratulations!)

Essay writing algorithm

You have chosen a quote whose meaning is clear to you, and you can easily make theoretical and factual arguments. At worst, this quote will cause you the least amount of trouble, which is also a good thing.

We are writing an essay based on the fact that it will have only two readers - Unified State Exam experts. This means that we need to make it as easy as possible for them to check their essays. It will be convenient for the expert to check if the work is structured into blocks according to the criteria.

The essay structure might look like this:

1) Convey the meaning of the quote. It is important that this is not just a retelling of the statement. You must demonstrate understanding of the author's words.

It's okay if you write primitively. There are no requirements for text style in the essay criteria.

We chose a quote from economics. “Supply and demand are a process of mutual adaptation and coordination” (P.T. Heine).

Example: The author of the statement, American economist Paul Heine, argues that the mechanism of supply and demand regulates the relations of market participants.

2) Formulate our own point of view: I agree / I disagree with the author.

As a rule, it is difficult to argue with the statements that are offered to graduates at the Unified State Exam. But if you feel you disagree, don't be afraid to argue.

Example: I agree with P. Heine because...

3) Reinforce the point terms, concepts and laws from the social studies course. Moreover, it is important to use material from the sphere of social relations that is indicated in the task. Expand a quote in economics in economic terms, in political science in terms of political science, etc.

Example: The basis for interaction between a consumer and a manufacturer (seller) in market conditions is the mechanism of supply and demand. Demand is the desire and ability of the consumer to buy a specific product or service here and now. Supply is the desire and ability of the manufacturer to offer the consumer a product or service at a specific price within a certain time. Supply and demand are interconnected. An increase in demand can affect the quantity of supply, and vice versa.

The ideal situation is when there is an equilibrium price in the market. If demand exceeds supply, a scarce market for a certain product develops. If supply exceeds demand, this can lead to overproduction.

In conditions of high competition, when there is great demand and many producers in the market, the quality of goods increases, and the price falls, as sellers are forced to fight for buyers. This is one example of changes in the market situation under the influence of supply and demand.

4) Give two factual arguments from different sources. If you use a fact from personal experience as an argument, try not to make it up. The examiner will most likely not believe you if you state that you ran for president of Chile or are on the Nobel committee.

Example: One example that proves the regulating function of supply is the situation on the oil market in the modern world. In 2014, the price of hydrocarbons fell due to declining demand. The oil market has been squeezed out by promising technologies: solar energy, wind energy and other renewable resources. Oil companies had to adapt to new conditions - reduce oil production costs, reduce added value and lower product prices.

The law of supply and demand does not only work in global commodity markets. We can see how, under the influence of supply and demand, the situation is changing literally outside the window of our house. In the residential area where I have lived for more than 15 years, there was a grocery store in the basement of a high-rise building. Residents of nearby houses regularly bought essential products there. However, a supermarket of one of the large retail chains opened in the microdistrict. The prices there were lower, the work hours were more convenient, and the assortment was much richer. People voted with their feet, and after a while the small store closed because it could not adapt to the new situation in the local market.

5) Conclusion. Here you can summarize your thoughts. Write your conclusion only if you have time left and you are sure that all other tasks do not require double-checking. Otherwise, forget about the output - in the criteria for the task the presence or absence of a conclusion is not evaluated.

Example: IN market and mixed economies, the regulating influence of supply and demand is the basis of economic relations. Indicators of supply and demand are taken into account when planning the activities of any enterprise and the entire country. It is important that supply and demand are balanced, otherwise crisis phenomena may arise in the economy.

It is worth remembering that the enemy of good results in the exam is a waste of time. Don't do extra work. Many teachers demand that the problem raised by the author be deduced. There is no need to do this, it will not affect the assessment, and the risk of making a mistake will increase.

This algorithm is not the ultimate truth. You can adhere to it, you can focus on it, but you should not use these recommendations thoughtlessly. Perhaps after training you will have your own idea of ​​how to write an essay. Wonderful! Most importantly, do not forget that this work is assessed according to strict criteria that you need to try to comply with.

In this article you will learn how to write an essay on social studies. Examples are attached.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that in order to learn how to write an essay in social studies, it takes quite a long time. Without preliminary preparation, it is impossible to write an essay that would be rated high by experts. Sustainable skills and good results appear after 2-3 months of work (about 15-20 essays written). It is systematic training and determination that bring high results. You need to hone your skills in practice with the direct help and careful supervision of a teacher.

Video - how to write an essay on social studies

If you haven't tried essay writing yet, watch the video.

Unlike an essay on literature or the Russian language, where the minimum amount of work is clearly specified and general reflection is allowed (“philosophizing” without specification), in an essay on social science the volume is not limited, but its structure and content are fundamentally different. A social studies essay is actually an answer to the question: “Do I agree with this statement and why?” That is why an essay on social science must contain strict argumentation, scientificity and specificity. At the same time, it should be noted that very paradoxical, unusual statements that require imaginative thinking and a non-standard approach to revealing the problem are often used as the topic of an essay. This inevitably leaves its mark on the essay writing style and requires maximum concentration of effort and attention.

I would also like to add that the exam essay is assessed by specific people. In order for an expert, who checks from 50 to 80 papers a day, to mark an essay as worthy of attention, this essay must not only meet all the requirements set out below, but also be distinguished by a certain originality, originality and originality - this is implied by the genre of the essay itself. Therefore, it is necessary not only to present scientific and factual material on the topic, but also to pleasantly surprise you with the originality and flexibility of your thinking.

Algorithm for writing essays during the Unified State Exam

1. First of all, during the exam you need to properly manage your time. Practice shows that writing an essay requires spending at least 1-1.5 hours out of the 3.5 hours allotted for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies. It is most advisable to start writing an essay after all other KIM tasks have been completed, because This type of work requires maximum concentration of the graduate’s efforts.
2. Carefully read all the topics offered to choose from.
3. Select topics that are understandable, i.e. – the student must clearly understand what this statement is about, what the author wanted to say with this phrase. In order to remove doubts about whether he understands the topic correctly, the graduate must restate the phrase in his own words, defining the main idea. The student can do this orally or in a draft.
4. From the selected understandable statements, it is necessary to choose one topic - the one that the student knows best. It is necessary to note the fact that examinees often choose topics that are easy, in their opinion, but which turn out to be difficult when covering the topic due to the limited scientific and factual material on this issue (in other words, the phrase itself says everything, nothing can be added). In such cases, the essay is reduced to a simple statement of the meaning of the statement in different versions and is rated low by experts due to poor evidence base. Therefore, you need to choose the topic of the essay so that the student, when writing it, can fully demonstrate the completeness of his knowledge and the depth of his thoughts (i.e., the topic must be winning).
5. When choosing a topic for an essay, you must also pay attention to what social science this statement belongs to. Practice shows that a number of phrases can refer to several sciences at once. For example, I. Goethe’s statement “Man is determined not only by natural qualities, but also by acquired ones” may belong to philosophy, social psychology, and sociology. Accordingly, the content of the essay should vary depending on this, i.e. must be consistent with said basic science.
6. There is no need to write the entire essay as a draft. Firstly, due to limited time, and secondly, due to the fact that at the time of writing an essay some thoughts come, and at the time of rewriting - others, and redoing a finished text is much more difficult than creating a new one. In the draft, the graduate makes only an outline of his essay, approximate short sketches of the meaning of the phrase, his argumentation, the points of view of scientists, concepts and theoretical positions that he is going to present in his work, as well as the approximate order of their arrangement one after another, taking into account the semantic logic of the essay.
7. Without fail, the student must express his personal attitude to the chosen topic in a clearly defined formulation (“I agree”, “I disagree”, “I don’t completely agree”, “I agree, but partially” or phrases that are similar in meaning and meaning) . The presence of a personal attitude is one of the criteria on the basis of which experts evaluate an essay.
8. Without fail, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. Those. The high school student explains in his own words what the author wanted to say with this phrase. It is more advisable to do this at the very beginning of the essay. And if you combine the requirements of this paragraph with the provisions of the previous one, then this is what, for example, the beginning of an essay on philosophy “Before talking about the benefit of satisfying needs, you need to decide what needs constitute the benefit” will look like: “I completely agree with the statement of the great Russian writer of the second halfXIX– beginningXXcenturies L.N. Tolstoy, in which he talks about real and imaginary needs."
9. You need to be very careful in selecting arguments to support your point of view. Arguments must be convincing and justified. Data from relevant sciences, historical facts, and facts from social life are used as arguments. Arguments of a personal nature (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so their use as evidence is undesirable. It should be remembered that any personal example can easily be “transformed” into an example from public life, from social practice, if you write about it in a third person (for example, not “The saleswoman in the store was rude to me, thereby violating my consumer rights”, A “Let’s say that the saleswoman was rude to citizen S. Thus, she violated his rights as a consumer.” The number of arguments in an essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are most optimal for revealing the topic. It should also be remembered that examples from history are most relevant in political science, partly in legal and sociological topics, as well as in philosophical topics related to the theory of social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, legal topics. Data from the relevant sciences must be used when choosing any of the topics.
10. The use of terms, concepts, and definitions in an essay must be competent and appropriate in relation to the chosen topic and science. The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, some graduates try to insert as many terms as possible into their work, violating the principle of expediency and reasonable sufficiency. Thus, they show that they have not learned to correctly use scientific terminology. The term should be mentioned appropriately; such a mention should indicate its correct understanding.
11. It is very welcome if a graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the issues under consideration, provides a link to different interpretations of the problem and different ways to solve it (if possible). Indication of other points of view can be direct (for example: “Lenin thought this way:..., and Trotsky thought differently:..., and Stalin did not agree with both of them:...”), but can be indirect, non-specific, non-personalized: “A number of researchers think this way:..., others think differently:..., and some suggest something completely different:....”
12. It is very welcome if the essay indicates who the author of this statement was. The indication should be brief but precise (see example in paragraph 8). If, when arguing your position on this issue, it is appropriate to mention the views of the author of the phrase, this must be done.
13. Arguments must be presented in strict sequence, the internal logic of presentation in the essay must be clearly visible. The student should not jump from one to another and return to the first again without explanation and internal connection, connecting the individual provisions of his work.
14. The essay must end with a conclusion that briefly summarizes the thoughts and reasoning: “Thus, based on all of the above, it can be argued that the author was right in his statement.”

Essay Examples on the topic of:

Philosophy “Revolution is a barbaric way of progress” (J. Jaures)

For the highest score

I completely agree with the statement of the famous French socialist, historian and political figure of the first half of the twentieth century, Jean Jaurès, in which he speaks about the features of the revolutionary path of social progress, about the distinctive features of the revolution. Indeed, revolution is one of the ways of progress, movement forward towards better and more complex forms of organizing the social order. But since a revolution is a radical disruption of the entire existing system, a transformation of all or most aspects of social life, occurring in a short period of time, this form of progress is always accompanied by a large number of victims and violence.

If we remember the revolutionary year of 1917 in Russia, we will see that both revolutions entailed the most severe confrontation in society and the country, which resulted in a terrible Civil War, accompanied by unprecedented bitterness, millions of dead and injured, unprecedented devastation in the national economy.

If we remember the Great French Revolution, we will also see the rampant Jacobin terror, the guillotine, “working” seven days a week, and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we remember the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see a civil war and repressions against dissidents.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that took place in this country took the form of war: first, the War of Independence, and then the Civil War.

The list of examples from history can go on and on, but wherever a revolution occurs - in China, Iran, the Netherlands, etc. – everywhere it was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the perspective of a civilized person.

And even though other thinkers exalted revolution (like, for example, Karl Marx, who argued that revolutions are the locomotives of history), even though reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in social progress, the point of view of J. Jaurès is closer to me: yes, revolution is a way of progress, a movement for the better, but carried out using barbaric methods, that is, using cruelty, blood and violence. Happiness cannot be created through violence!

For a small point

In his quote, the author talks about revolution and progress. Revolution is a way of transforming reality in a short time, and progress is moving forward. Revolution is not progress. After all, progress is reform. It cannot be said that the revolution does not produce positive results - for example, the Russian revolution allowed workers and peasants to get rid of a difficult situation. But by definition, revolution is not progress, because progress is all that is good, and revolution is all that is bad. I disagree with the author who classifies revolution as progress.

Essay outline

Introduction
1) A clear indication of the problem of the statement:
“The statement I have chosen concerns the problem...”
“The problem with this statement is...”
2) Explanation of the choice of topic (what is the significance or relevance of this topic)
“Everyone is concerned about the question...”
“The RELEVANCE of this topic lies in...”
3) Reveal the meaning of the statement from the point of view of social science, 1-2 sentences
4) Introduction of the author and his point of view
“The author argued (said, thought) from such a point of view...”
5) Your own interpretation of this phrase, YOUR OWN POINT OF VIEW (DO YOU AGREE OR NOT)
“I think...” “I agree with the author of the statement...”
6) Expressing your position, moving on to the main part of the essay

P.S. It would be a plus if in the introduction you provide information about the author of the statement and insert a definition of the chosen field of the essay (philosophy, politics, economics, law, etc.)

Argumentation:
1) Theoretical argumentation of the problem. At least 3 aspects of the theoretical discussion of the topic must be presented.
For example: reveal the concept itself, give examples, analyze features, functions, classifications, properties.
2) Practical argument or example from public life

Secondary general education

Social science. Line UMK ed. G.A. Bordovsky (VENTANA-GRAF)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (6-9)

Social science

Preparation for the Unified State Exam: social studies essay

This year, the criteria for assessing the Unified State Examination in social studies have undergone changes. One of our authors, Deputy Chairman of the Unified State Examination Subject Committee in Social Studies of St. Petersburg, Olga Soboleva, talks about how essays will now be assessed, as well as about common mistakes made by students.

Changed evaluation criteria

This is not the first time that the Russian Textbook Corporation has invited specialists to talk about task No. 29 from the Unified State Exam in social studies. Current information is constantly transformed and supplemented. For example, this year the wording of the task has changed. The word “problem” has been replaced by the concept “idea”, and the student can work through not all the ideas of the statement, but one of them. The evaluation criteria have changed significantly:

• 29.1 Previously, the child could show his understanding of the topic in the general context of the essay. In 2018, for this it will be necessary to highlight and formulate the ideas of the statement. If the requirement is not met, the entire essay will receive 0 points.
• 29.2 The highest score will not be achieved if the theoretical reasoning is not interconnected. Since all statements are different, it is impossible to say exactly how many concepts should be revealed. But for a good grade, of course, you need to highlight all the theses.
• 29.3 Previously, a point was deducted for the presence of errors; now it is awarded a bonus for their absence.
• 29.4 You still need to give two factual arguments from different sources, but now you need to present these examples in detail and indicate how they relate to the statement.

Thus, there are more criteria. Maximum points for an essay in 2018: 6.

Let's take into account one more important change. Previously, a serious requirement was that the content correspond to one science. But since the boundaries of the sciences are relative, students can now consider topics in different contexts without making mistakes. Take, for example, a statement from law: “Full submission to the law of kindness will eliminate the need for government and state (O. Frontingham)” - it can also be attributed to politics, sociology, and philosophy.

Common Mistakes

Let us highlight the main difficulties that students encounter in task No. 29.

• Choosing a theme

The student is offered 5 essay topics. How to make the right choice:

• Understand that the main criterion is the ability to fulfill all requirements.
• Determine your core science in advance. Be prepared to change your choice: the topic of this science may be unacceptable in the exam. When preparing, use lists of topics provided on the Internet.
• All other things being equal, do not choose figurative topics. Every year there are formulations that even excellent students cannot cope with. For example: “The family is the crystal of society (V. Hugo).”
• Focus on your capabilities and characteristics, and not on the teacher’s recommendations. The teacher may have a biased attitude towards certain topics. Experts have different opinions about “convenience” and “inconvenience”.

• Guide to other items

Often, students try to comply with the requirements for essays in other subjects in an essay on social studies. This not only does not help, but also increases the likelihood of error. Not really taken into account:

• volume (the ability to express thoughts concisely is a plus),
• grammatical errors (but not in cases where they affect the meaning),
• structure,
• style (no longer an essay),
• correct formulation of the problem,
• knowledge about the author of the statement (you can enter it, but this is not assessed),
• moral/ideological position (however, you cannot violate the laws of the Russian Federation and it is not recommended to express sharp positions on any topic).

• Rewriting the theme

Unfortunately, even excellent students sometimes rewrite the topic incorrectly due to excitement. An error can be omitting a word, omitting or adding a particle “not”, omitting or replacing a letter, omitting or adding a reflexive particle, or changing punctuation marks. All this changes the meaning of the topic and leads to 0 for the essay.

• Template phrases

Some formulations often look stupid and irritate experts. For example, “a problem that is relevant at all times,” “the topic opens up enormous scope for thought,” and others. This does not mean that they should necessarily be avoided. The main thing is that everything in the text is appropriate and logical.

• Wrong examples

What doesn't count:

• Speculation (“what would have been”).
• Fictional examples.
• Facts that are not facts.
• Examples without specifics.
• Examples that are more like theories.
• An example with factual errors.
• Examples are not within the scope of the presented theory.
• Examples that refute the student’s own theoretical positions.
• Model examples (but there may be exceptions).
• Examples from one type of source.

• Homemade preparations

In many works there are unnecessary provisions. For example, the definition of society, the inappropriate use of the definition of science - this in most cases spoils the work and displeases experts.

FAQ

Let's also consider common questions about the content of the text.

Do I need to agree with the author? Not necessary. Of course, there are statements about the relativity of phenomena with which it is impossible to disagree, for example: “Society does not necessarily correspond to political boundaries (S. Turner).” But there are also provocative phrases that are very difficult to agree with. In any case, the argumentation should show the examinee’s attitude to the topic.

How to formulate the meaning of a statement and how many ideas are best to disclose? It all depends on the specific statement. It is better to narrow the study of the aspect to one science.

Is it possible to highlight only part of the statement? Experts believe that it is impossible, since the statement carries a certain meaning. The student must show that he understands the entire statement, even if he wants to focus on one part of it.

How to learn theoretical principles? When you can’t understand and assimilate, you can use a simple technique: “Write it down correctly.” The student must quickly find and copy from the textbook theoretical justifications on a specific topic - this will help remember the provisions.

Preparation methods

In the publications of the Russian Textbook corporation, the system of preparation for writing essays in social studies is fully implemented. The authors present reminders, examples, lists of topics, as well as algorithms for the step-by-step formation of the necessary skills.

Experts are often asked how many essays they need to write when preparing. Answer: as many as possible to “fill your hand”, and up to 5 pieces for the highest score. In addition to training, it is useful for the student to keep a collection of information on selected topics, view sample essays on thematic sites, and check work with the teacher using trial criteria.

The manual is designed for independent or teacher-led preparation of schoolchildren and applicants for the Unified State Exam. It fully includes the material of the social studies course, which is tested in the exam. The theoretical part of the manual is presented in a concise and accessible form. A large number of diagrams and tables make it easy and quick to navigate the topic and find the information you need. The training tasks correspond to the modern format of the Unified State Exam; all changes in the content of the examination work made in recent years are taken into account.